Hardcover. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1st, 1917, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, blue cloth with gilt and red, white and blue decoration to front cover, gilt lettering on spine. 192 pages including index, frontis. portrait plus b&w pales including onr fold-out. Dr. Kimball was on the Yellowstone Expedition of 1873 with Generals Stanley and Custer and became quite a good friend of Custer. It was Dr. Kimball who attended to Lieutenant Charles Braden and may have saved his life, after Braden was shot through the left leg by Indians on August 4, 1873. The Battle of the Little Big Horn is also covered. Bright, clean copy.
Hardcover. NY, Free Press , 1st, 1997, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. 464 pages, b&w illustrations. A great but frequently overlooked figure in America during the early decades of the 19th century now gets his due. Military historian Eisenhower (son of the late president) describes a natural leader of imposing stature, overweening pride, exceptional courage, and wide learning, who possessed considerable organizational and diplomatic skills along with outstanding martial instincts. As the nation's youngest general, Scott distinguished himself in the War of 1812, and he was a hero of the Mexican War in the 1840s. After a brilliant campaign fought entirely on foreign soil, he stormed and captured Mexico City despite considerable political maneuvering on the battlefield and the homefront by a variety of influential enemies. In peacetime, he served successfully as a diplomat to the Canadians, the British, the Seminoles, and the Cherokees. Clean copy.
Hardcover. Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1st, 1951, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, blue cloth with gilt lettering on spine. Volume VII in The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II, 369 pages, illustrated with maps (one fold-out) and b&w photos. Gilt on spine with light fading, lacks dust jacket, otherwise clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. New York, Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1st, 1941, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 122 Pages. Hardcover. B/w illustrations throughout. Gilt title on spine and front cover. Author's scarce 2nd book. Blue fabric covered, no fraying, intact, no rips or tears. Some foxing on boards and endpapers. Pages yellowed from age and a small bit of water damage at very bottom of fore edge, does not affect text or illustrations. Original owner's signature on front flyleaf dated 1941. Picture of author glued on front flyleaf. An overview of American aircrafts up to 1941, both commercial and military.
Hardcover. New Haven, Yale University Press, 1st, 2006, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 226 pages. Gilt title on spine. Clean inside and out. From the dust jacket: "...in its decision to invade Iraq, the Bush administration failed in its stewardship of American Foreign policy." Clean copy.
Hardcover. Meridian, ID, Northwest Lineman College, 1st Edition, 2016, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 519 pages. Hardcover. Color and b/w illustrations throughout. Cover boards bound in light gray cloth, has some small smudges of soil (see image), blue gilt title on spine and front cover board. Binding tight. Spine straight. Pages glossy, clean and unmarked. In beautiful condition. A full history and celebration of the progression of "The American Lineman".
Hardcover. NA, By Subscription, 1825, Book: Fair, Dust Jacket: None, 431 pages. Brown leather covers. Spine with chipping and creases to gilt decoration. Black & white illustrations, including 1 fold-out. Previous owners name stamped on preliminary page. Light to moderate foxing throughout. Front cover detached.
Softcover. New York, I. Riley & Co./Hopkins and Seymour, 1st, 1806, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, 76 pages, original marbled paper wrappers with blue title label on cover. Second signature is bound upside-down (pages 9-16), but all there. Marbled pattern on outer wraps faded in spots. Mild foxing to pages, edgewear with light loss of paper to bottom corner.
Hardcover. NY, Henry Holt and Company, 1st, 2002, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket. Stated First Edition. Illustrations. 18 maps. The liberation of Europe and the destruction of the Third Reich is a story of miscalculation and incomparable courage, of calamity and enduring triumph. In this first volume of the Liberation Trilogy, Rick Atkinson focuses on 1942 and 1943, showing how central the great drama that unfolded in North Africa was to the ultimate victory of the Allied powers and to America's understanding of itself.Opening with the daring amphibious invasion in November 1942, An Army at Dawn follows the American and British armies as they fight the French in Morocco and Algiers, and then take on the Germans and Italians in Tunisia.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1982, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 296 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, a Unitarian minister, was a fervent member of New England's abolitionist movement, an active participant in the Underground Railroad, and part of a group that supplied material aid to John Brown before his ill-fated raid on Harpers Ferry. When the Civil War broke out, Higginson was commissioned as a colonel of the black troops training in the Sea Islands off the coast of the Carolinas.
Softcover. NY, Penguin Books, reprint, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover. Thomas Wentworth Higginson, a Unitarian minister, was a fervent member of new England's abolitionist movement, an active participant in the Underground Railroad, and part of a group that supplied material aid to John Brown before his ill-fated raid on Harpers Ferry. When the Civil War broke out, Higginson was commissioned as a colonel of the black troops training in the Sea Islands off the coast of the Carolinas. Shaped by American Romanticism and imbued with Higginson's interest in both man and nature, Army Life in a Black Regiment ranges from detailed reports on daily life to a vivid description of the author's near escape from cannon fire, to sketches that conjure up the beauty and mystery of the Sea Islands. This edition also features a selection of Higginson's essays, including "Nat Turner's Insurrection" and "Emily Dickinson's Letters." Clean copy.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1984, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 233 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. Philadelphia, PA, Hubbard Brothers, 1st Edition, 1882, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 488 pages. Hardcover. B/w illustrations (including frontispiece with tissue guard--see image). Decorated endpapers. Previous owner's stamp of ownership on two preliminary pages. Cover boards bound in brown mustard cloth, gilt title and decorations on spine and front cover board (see image). Cover boards have a touch of age wear. Pages and edges have some tanning from age. Loose gutter at top of title page (see image), otherwise binding tight. "A graphic recital of personal experiences throughout the whole period of the late war for the Union--during which the author was actively engaged in 25 Battles and Skirmishes, was three times taken prisoner..."
Hardcover. London, Grub Street, First Edition , 1994, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 224 pages. Hardcover SIGNED BY AUTHOR to title page. 50th Anniversary Edition. Red cloth boards with gilt titles to spine. Black & white illustrations throughout. Dust jacket, bright & in very good condition. Clean, unmarked text.
Hardcover. New York, Vanguard Press, 1st, 1932, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, 306 pages. Hardcover. B/w illustrated frontispiece. Some age wear to covers. Bound in gray fabric. Previous owner's bookplate on front endpaper. Deckled edges. Some age yellowing to pages and edges. In good condition for its age.
Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press , reprint, 1999, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, pictorial wraps, 330 pages. A comprehensive and insightful account of the CIA operation to overthrow the democratically elected government of Jacobo Arbenz of Guatemala in 1954. First published in 1982, this book has become a classic, a textbook case of the relationship between the United States and the Third World. The authors make extensive use of U.S. government documents and interviews with former CIA and other officials. It is a warning of what happens when the United States abuses its power.
Softcover. Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, reprint, 1998, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 310 pages, b&w illustrations. Few Americans, black or white, recognize the degree to which early African American history is a maritime history. W. Jeffrey Bolster shatters the myth that black seafaring in the age of sail was limited to the Middle Passage. Seafaring was one of the most significant occupations among both enslaved and free black men between 1740 and 1865. Tens of thousands of black seamen sailed on lofty clippers and modest coasters. They sailed in whalers, warships, and privateers. Some were slaves, forced to work at sea, but by 1800 most were free men, seeking liberty and economic opportunity aboard ship.Bolster brings an intimate understanding of the sea to this extraordinary chapter in the formation of black America. Because of their unusual mobility, sailors were the eyes and ears to worlds beyond the limited horizon of black communities ashore. Sometimes helping to smuggle slaves to freedom, they were more often a unique conduit for news and information of concern to blacks.But for all its opportunities, life at sea was difficult. Blacks actively contributed to the Atlantic maritime culture shared by all seamen, but were often outsiders within it. Capturing that tension, Black Jacks examines not only how common experiences drew black and white sailors together-even as deeply internalized prejudices drove them apart-but also how the meaning of race aboard ship changed with time. Bolster traces the story to the end of the Civil War, when emancipated blacks began to be systematically excluded from maritime work. Rescuing African American seamen from obscurity, this stirring account reveals the critical role sailors played in helping forge new identities for black people in America.
Hardcover. Boston, Little, Brown and Company, reprint, 1954, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, blue cloth with gilt lettering on spine. Volume VI in The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. 463 pages, illustrated with maps (one fold-out) and b&w photos. Gilt on spine with fading, lacks dust jacket, otherwise clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. Chapel Hill, University of North Carolina, 1st, 1991, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 514 pages, b&w illustrations, in a bright dust jacket. Biography of Union general Ambrose Burnside, reassessing his reputation as an "incompetent leader" by viewing his entire career as a soldier during the war: along the Carolina coast, at Antietam, and his capture of Knoxville in East Tennessee, while still recognizing the debacle at Fredericksburg.
Hardcover. New York, Harper and Brothers, reprint, 1890, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, blue cloth with gilt lettering and design, 295 pages, frontispiece portrait of author. The Indian War of 1876 in the Big Horn and Yellowstone campaigns. Previous owner's inscription on front fly leaf. Light fraying to bottom of spine otherwise very good, clean.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1981, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 546 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy.In 1863 Horace Porter, then a captain, met Ulysses S. Grant as Grant commenced the campaign that would break the Confederate siege at Chattanooga. After a brief stint in Washington, Porter rejoined Grant, who was now in command of all Union forces, and served with him as a staff aide until the end of the war. Porter was at Appomattox as a brevet brigadier general, and this work, written from notes taken in the field, is his eyewitness account of the great struggle between Lee and Grant that led to the defeat of the Confederacy.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1982, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy. Facsimilie reprint of the 1866 edition.
Hardcover. Norman, OK, University of Oklahoma Press (, 1st, 1989, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 415 pages, b&w illustrations. Light edge wear to dust jacket, creases to front flap. Light soiling to edges. Else a clean, tight copy. The first major battle between the U.S. Army and the Cheyenne Indians took place on the south fork of the Solomon River in present-day northwest Kansas. In this stirring account, William Y. Chalfant recreates the human dimensions of what was probably the only large-unit sabre charge against the Plains tribes, in a battle that was as much a clash of cultures as of cavalry and Cheyenne warriors.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1983, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 401 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy. This is one of the more impressive (and unfortunately little known) records of the American Civil War. John Beatty was a lawyer from Ohio who joined the Union Army when the South seceded. He started his service in western Virginia under General George B. McClellan. Although McClellan would later become one of the most well-known generals of the war, it was here that he first achieved the prominence that would lead to Lincoln promoting him to head Union forces on two separate occasions. Beatty, however, was clearly not enamored of McClellan. His journal opens with a description of arriving in one of the local railroad communities and subsequent entries describe the minutiae of camp life. Beatty is relatively unique among memoirists in that his book is largely a transcription of his original diary. As a result, his recollections are of recent events and have a degree of candor not present in many post-bellum narratives.
Softcover. Freetown MA, Freetown Historical Society, 1st, 2005, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, light gray wrappers, 327 pages. John Milton Deane (January 8, 1840 - September 2, 1914), was an American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient and a major in the United States Army. Deane was born in Assonet, Massachusetts to John and Lydia (Andros) Deane. The diary he kept is here type-written out in chronological order. B&w photo of Deane as a Lieutenant in 1863. Clean, like new.
Hardcover. Freeport, NY, Books for Libraries Press, reprint, 1970, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 165 pages. Blue cloth cover, very light wear to corners and edges, bottom edge slightly bumped. Some foxing and shadowing on front and rear endpages, otherwise inside is bright and clean. Three pages have light markings by previous owner, otherwise inside in unmarked. A nice, tight copy.
Hardcover. NY, Knopf, 1st, 1990, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dustjacket, 402 pages, b&w illustrations.The biography of a seminal figure in American public life, whose active career spanned the years from Theodore Roosevelt through the early Cold War. Stimson was an intimate friend of Theodore Roosevelt's, and was the crucial figure linking Roosevelt's imperialist expansionism to the world of Truman, Eisenhower, and Kennedy.
Hardcover. York, George Shumway, 1st, 1978, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Fair, 71 pages. Hardcover. Black & white illustrations. Stain along dust jacket spine and edge of front and rear dust jacket cover. No slipcase. Clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. New York, Appleton & Co., 1st, 1900, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, light green cloth with gilt and b&w decoration, 480 pages. Top edge gilt. Front and rear hinges tender. Cloth covers rubbed at corners and along edges. Clean copy.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1984, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 480 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy. A well written and well thought out story of the Confederate Secret Service. Headley tells the little known and forgotten story of Confederate operations in Canada.
Hardcover. Kent, OH, The Kent State University Press, 1st, 1998, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 348 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket. Very clean, unmarked copy still in publishers shrink-wrap. Conrad Wise Chapman (1842-1910) is unique among Civil War artists: he painted and sketched while on duty as a Confederate soldier who served in three theaters of the war. Chapman's first-hand knowledge is evident in his work. Ben Bassham has written both a critical study of Chapman's art and a biography, incorporating Chapman's correspondence and Civil War memoirs.
Hardcover. Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 2nd pr., 1950, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, blue cloth with gilt lettering on spine. Volume IV in The History of United States Naval Operations in World War II. 307 pages, illustrated with maps (one fold-out) and b&w photos. Gilt on spine with light fading, lacks dust jacket, otherwise clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. New York, Charles Scribner's Sons, 1st, 1898, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, tan cloth covers stamped in blue and red, 360 pages. 116 b&w photos throughout, color maps in rear. In 1898 America intervened in the Cuban War of Independence, leading to conflict with Spain. This is a detailed account of this campaign, together with American military sea and land operations on the island of Puerto Rico during the Spanish American War. Cloth spine darkened otherwise clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. Philadelphia, J.B. Lippincott, 2nd Ed., 1865, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, dark green pebbled cloth with gilt lettering on spine, 4" x 6 1/4", 303 pages including index. A detailed instructional guide for the Civil War era soldier. Copyright page states 1964, title page says 1865. Probably a second edition. Still scarce in this nice condition. A few pages with dog ears, previous owner's pencil signature on front fly leaf. Otherwise clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1982, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 288 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Light scuffing to fore edge gilt. Otherwise, clean, tight copy. A History of the Andrews Railroad Raid into Georgia in 1862, Embracing a Full and Accurate Account of the Secret Journey to the Heart of the Confederacy, the Capture of a Railway Train in a Confederate Camp, the Terrible Chase that Followed, and the Subsequent Fortunes of the Leader and His Party. Reprint of the 1877 edition.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1983, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 274 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy. This memoir by Confederate General Richard Taylor is usually considered one of the best and least biased by a general officer. The work is full of considered analysis on both the strategy of the war and the personalities of his fellow officers. Taylor is always fair in his criticism and seems to have no real scores to settle. While he makes little mention of his own talents, his tactical brilliance and strategic insight does shine through. Many contemporaries said Richard Taylor was one of the best soldiers of the war, but he is comparatively little known due to his posting to peripheral theaters. While he was a man of his time, the work (with the exception of some of his Reconstruction writings) is much less tainted by Lost Cause polemics than most Confederate memoirs.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1982, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 224 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy. This Civil War classic of soldiering in the ranks debunks all the romantic notions of war. Like his Northern counterpart, the Confederate soldier fought against bullets, starvation, miserable weather, disease, and mental strain. But the experience was perhaps even worse for Johnny Reb because of the odds against him. Never as well equipped and provisioned as the Yankee, he nevertheless performed heroically. Carlton McCarthy, a private in the Army of Northern Virginia, describes the not-always-regular rations, various improvisations in clothing and weaponry, etc.
Hardcover. New York, Hovendon & Co., 1st, 1899, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 366 pages. Blue cloth covers with bright gilt and 3-color design. Illustrated with black & white engravings and color plates. Previous owners inscription on front endpaper. Light fraying at top and bottom of spine. Otherwise clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Press, 1st, 1998, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket, 576 pages. Dwight D. Eisenhower's meteoric rise to prominence during World War II was not -- as popular myth would have us believe -- accidental, but the logical outcome of years of preparation. Eisenhower had enormous talents, opportunities to develop them, and an attentive corps of senior officers who watched and encouraged his ascent to high command. The diaries, letters, and documents assembled in this volume for the first time present a fresh, detailed examination of Dwight D. Eisenhower's formative years and the evolution of his genius for organization, logistics, and strategy.
Hardcover. NY, NYU Press , 1st, 2014, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, illustrated boards, no dust jacket issued, 272 pages. Returning Vietnam veterans had every reason to expect that the government would take care of their readjustment needs in the same way it had done for veterans of both World War II and Korea. But the Vietnam generation soon discovered that their G.I. Bills fell well short of what many of them believed they had earned. Mark Boulton's groundbreaking study provides the first analysis of the legislative debates surrounding the education benefits offered under the Vietnam-era G.I. Bills. Specifically, the book explores why legislators from both ends of the political spectrum failed to provide Vietnam veterans the same generous compensation offered to veterans of previous wars. Clean copy.
Hardcover. Chicago, The Disabled Veterans of the World War, reprint, 1939, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Two volumes complete, 496 pages total. INSCRIBED BY MACKEY on title page. Matching hardcover volumes in blue striped moire cloth boards with silvered title and ornament on front; silvered ornament on spine. No dust jackets, as issued. Both books are crisp and clean and almost as new, with barely any wear at all. Interior pages are in fine condition, with page after page of photos and maps documenting the First World War and its aftermath. Produced by the Disabled Veterans of the World War, Department of Rehabilitation. Folio. The two volumes are numbers sequentially. Volume 2 concludes with a Pronouncing Dictionary of War Names and a bibliography. Very heavy-- about 12 pounds; will require substantial additional postage if shipped outside the U.S.
Hardcover. NY, Time Life, reprint, 1983, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 376 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Dark blue leather bound with gilt titles to front cover and spine. Embossed decoration on front cover. Gilt text block edges, red ribbon marker. Clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. Detroit, Wayne State University Press , 1st, 1959, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 405 pages, b&w illustrations. Gray cloth covers with blue decoration and lettering. Dust jacket price-clipped otherwise very good.
Hardcover. NY, Harper, 1st, 2014, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. A major historical biography of George C. Marshall--the general who ran the U.S. campaign during the Second World War, the Secretary of State who oversaw the successful rebuilding of post-war Europe, and the winner of the Nobel Peace Prize--and the first to offer a complete picture of his life. While Eisenhower Patton, Bradley, Montgomery, MacArthur, Nimitz, and Leahy waged battles in Europe and the Pacific, one military leader actually ran World War II for America, overseeing personnel and logistics: Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army from 1939 to 1945, George C. Marshall. This interpretive biography of George C. Marshall follows his life from his childhood in Western Pennsylvania and his military training at the Virginia Military Institute to his role during and after World War II and his death in 1959 at the age of seventy-eight. It brings to light the virtuous historical role models who inspired him, including George Washington and Robert E. Lee, and his relationships with the Washington political establishment, military brass, and foreign leaders, from Harry Truman to Chiang Kai-shek. It explores Marshall's successes and failures during World War II, and his contributions through two critical years of the emerging Cold War--including the transformative Marshall Plan, which saved Western Europe from Soviet domination, and the failed attempt to unite China's nationalists and communists.
Hardcover. 2013, Alfred A. Knopf, First Edition, 2013, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 632 pages. Hardcover. Grey & navy cloth boards with gilt titles to spine. Illustrations in bw throughout. Bright dust jacket in very good condition. Clean & unmarked.
Hardcover. New York, Argosy-Antiquarian Ltd., Ltd Ed. reprint, 1963, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 394 pages, red cloth covers, b&w illustrations. Limited to 750 copies, a reprint of the 1934 edition.
Hardcover. New York , De Vinne Press, 1st, 1916, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 269 pages. Light blue and white cover. Printed for the Naval History Society. Pages untrimmed. Worn slipcase. Clean condition inside and out. Number 582 of 650 copies. B&w illustrations with tissue guards by various artists. Includes one page insert addressed to members of the Naval History Society. With introduction stressing the importance of Naval campaigns in the American Revolution.