Hardcover. Lexington, University Press of Kentucky, 1st, 2019, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, paper-covered boards, 172 pages. One of the most innovative films ever made, Sam Peckinpah's motion picture The Wild Bunch was released in 1969. From the outset, the film was considered controversial because of its powerful, graphic, and direct depiction of violence, but it was also praised for its lush photography, intricate camera work, and cutting-edge editing. Peckinpah's tale of an ill-fated, aging outlaw gang bound by a code of honor is often regarded as one of the most complex and impactful Westerns in American cinematic history. The issues dealt with in this groundbreaking film-violence, morality, friendship, and the legacy of American ambition and compromise-are just as relevant today as when the film first opened. To acknowledge the significance of The Wild Bunch, this collection brings together some of the leading Peckinpah scholars and critics to examine what many consider to be the director's greatest work. The book's nine essays cover an array of topics. Explored are the function of violence in the film and how its depiction is radically different from what is seen in other movies, the background of the film's production, the European response to the film's view of human nature, and the strong sense of the Texas/Mexico milieu surrounding the film's action. Clean copy.
Softcover. Hanover NH, Wesleyan University Press, 1st, 1993, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 542 pages. Now, Voyager, Stella Dallas, Leaver Her to Heaven, Imitation of Life, Mildred Pierce, Gilda ...these are only a few of the hundreds of "women's films" that poured out of Hollywood during the thirties, forties, and fifties. The films were widely disparate in subject, sentiment, and technique, they nonetheless shared one dual to provide the audience (of women, primarily) with temporary liberation into a screen dream--of romance, sexuality, luxury, suffering, or even wickedness--and then send it home reminded of, reassured by, and resigned to the fact that no matter what else she might do, a woman's most important job was...to be a woman. Now, with boundless knowledge and infectious enthusiasm, Jeanine Basinger illuminates the various surprising and subversive ways in which women's films delivered their message. Basinger examines dozens of films, exploring the seemingly intractable contradictions at the convoluted heart of the woman's genre--among them, the dilemma of the strong and glamorous woman who cedes her power when she feels it threatening her personal happiness, and the self-abnegating woman whose selflessness is not always as "noble" as it appears. Basinger looks at the stars who played these women and helps us understand the qualities--the right off-screen personae, the right on-screen attitudes, the right faces--that made them personify the woman's film and equipped them to make believable drama or comedy out of the crackpot plots, the conflicting ideas, and the exaggerations of real behavior that characterize these movies.
Hardcover. New York, McDowell, Obolensky, 1st, 1958, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Volume 1 - 432 pages. Illustrated with black & white photographs and drawings by Tomi Ungerer. Dust jacket worn with chipping and small tears along edges. Clean, tight copy. Volume 2 - 488 pages. Dust jacket with light rubbing and small closed tears along edges. Clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. Newcastle UK, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 1st, 2010, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket, 260 pages, b&w illustrations. If you look for a meaning, you'll miss everything that happens. Almost twenty-five years after the death of Andrei Tarkovsky, the mystery of his films remains alive and well. Recent years have witnessed an ever-increasing number of film theorists, critics and philosophers taking up the challenge to decipher what these films actually mean. But what do these films actually show us? In this study Thomas Redwood undertakes a close formal analysis of Tarkovsky's later films. Charting the stylistic and narrative innovations in Mirror, Stalker, Nostalghia and The Sacrifice, Redwood succeeds in shedding new light on these celebrated but often misunderstood masterpieces of narrative film. Tarkovsky is revealed here both as a cinematic thinker and as an artistic practitioner, a filmmaker of immense poetic significance for the history of cinema. Clean copy.
Hardcover. New York , Alfred A. Knopf, 1st, 1990, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 579 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket, many BW illus. The third book in a triology, prefaced by The Parade's Gone By ... (1968) and The War, the West and the Wilderness (1979). Offers a full and illustrated "exploration of a vital and now almost forgotten chapter of American moviemaking: the response of early producers and directors to the agonizing social problems of the decades before World War I. ... An essential work of silent-film history, certain to become a standard reference." Clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. London, Taschen, 1st, 2006, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 352 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket. Adhesive residue on rear dust jacket, otherwise clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to dust jacket. Color and black and white pictures throughout.
Hardcover. Lanham MD, Rowman & Littlefield , 1st, 2022, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, pictorial boards, 314 pages. A fascinating history of motion pictures through the lens of the Academy Awards, the Best Picture winners, and the box-office contenders. In Best Pick: A Journey through Film History and the Academy Awards, John Dorney, Jessica Regan, and Tom Salinsky provide a captivating decade-by-decade exploration of the Oscars. For each decade, they examine the making of classic films, trends and innovations in cinema, behind-the-scenes scandals at the awards ceremony, and who won and why. Twenty films are reviewed in-depth, alongside ten detailed "making-of" accounts and capsule reviews of every single Best Picture winner in history. In addition, each Best Picture winner is carefully scrutinized to answer the ultimate question: "Did the Academy get it right?" Full of wonderful stories, cogent analysis, and fascinating insights, Best Pick is a witty and enthralling look at the people, politics, movies, and trends that have shaped our cinematic world. Clean copy.
Hardcover. NY, Knopf, 1st, 2002, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 498 pages, index, B&W photos and illustrations culled from studio archives and privste collections, show the image of New York city in the world of film. Clean, bright copy in a dust jacket.
Hardcover. NY, Hill and Wang, 1st, 1973, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 208 pages, b&w photos. Translated & with additional material by David Robinson. Very good, clean. In a bright, unclipped dust jacket.
Softcover. Rochester NY, Visual Studies Workshop Press, 1st, 1983, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 199 pages, paperback. Fictions and the fictions of theory from acclaimed theorist of film. With a foreword by Annette Michelson. Mild rubbing and edgewear to wraps. Light bumping to spine. Previous owner's signature to front endpapers. Scarce. A clean and tight copy.
Softcover. NY, British Film Institute/Palgrave, 1st, 2008, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 119 pages, b&w photos, Cleo de 5 a 7, Agnes Varda's classic work of 1962 depicts, in near real time, ninety minutes in the life of Cleo, a young woman in Paris awaiting the results of medical tests that she fears will confirm a fatal condition. The film, whose visual beauty matches its evocation of early Fifth Republic Paris, was a major point of reference for the French New Wave despite the fact that Varda, the only major female French director of the period, never considered herself a member of the core Cahiers du Cinema group of critics turned filmmakers. Ungar provides a close reading of the film and situates it in its social, political and cinematic context, tracing Varda's early career as a student of art history and a photographer, the history of post-war French film, and the lengthy Algerian war to which Cleo's health concerns and ambitions to become a pop singer make her more or less oblivious. His study is the first to set a reading of Cleo's formal and technical complexity alongside an analysis of its status as a document of a specific historical moment.
Hardcover. NY, Basic Books, 1st, 2006, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 337 pages, in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. Essays by the New York City cultural critic; examines the work of artists, filmmakers and writers ranging from Anton Chekov to J. K. Rowling, including Stanley Kubrick, The Sopranos, Sex in the City, John Updike, Norman Mailer, and Barbara Kingsolver. Clean copy.
Hardcover. New York , Taschen, 1st, 2012, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Two hardcover volumes in a slipcase. Like new in publisher's shrink-wrap. Presents the most memorable movies of the 1990s into a list of 100 titles from around the world. Packed full of photos and film stills, this title features: four to ten pages for each film; list of Academy and film festival awards; bloopers, trivia, memorable lines, gossip; and actor, director, subject, and title indexes. NOTE: DUE TO SIZE AND WEIGHT, DOMESTIC SHIPPING ONLY.
Hardcover. NY, Bonanza Books, reprint, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a worn and chipped dust jacket, 153 pages. Mild musty odor, clean copy. Vsevolod Illarionovich Pudovkin was a Soviet film director, screenwriter and actor who developed influential theories of montage. These are his complete cinematic writings.
Hardcover. NY, Columbia University Press, 1st, 1984, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 203 pages, b&w photos. Bright, clean copy in dust jacket.
Softcover. Maryland, Scraecrow Press, rep, 2007, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 209 pages. Softcover with light wear to wrappers. Clean, tight copy. Some black and white photos in center.
Hardcover. NY, E. P. Dutton & Company, 1st, 1994, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket that has light edgewear. 1291 pages. Pauline Kael was the most respected movie critic from 1965 til her retirement in 1991, and this collection of her best writing demonstrates her eloquence and passion. As well as her witty and incisive reviews, it also includes a long essay on the making of Citizen Kane. Clean.
Hardcover. NY, Simon & Schuster, 1st, 1972, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 284 pages. A book of both film criticism and as a piece of Greeneiana. Nearly 100 photographs taken from the films of the period. Very good in near fine dust jacket. Publisher's remainder mark on bottom edge. Oherwise clean. In an unclipped dust jacket.
Hardcover. NY, Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1st, 1947, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in an edgeworn, chipped dust jacket. 324 pages with index. A collection of the film writings of the pioneer British documentarian John Grierson. Clean copy.
Hardcover. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1st, 2017, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, hardcover in a bright dust jacket, 224 pages. Roger Ebert was the most influential film critic in the United States, the first to win a Pulitzer Prize. For almost fifty years, he wrote with plainspoken eloquence about the films he loved for the Chicago Sun-Times, his vast cinematic knowledge matched by a sheer love of life that bolstered his appreciation of films. Ebert had particular admiration for the work of director Werner Herzog, whom he first encountered at the New York Film Festival in 1968, the start of a long and productive relationship between the filmmaker and the film critic. Herzog by Ebert is a comprehensive collection of Ebert's writings about the legendary director, featuring all of his reviews of individual films, as well as longer essays he wrote for his Great Movies series. The book also brings together other essays, letters, and interviews, including a letter Ebert wrote Herzog upon learning of the dedication to him of "Encounters at the End of the World;" a multifaceted profile written at the 1982 Cannes Film Festival; and an interview with Herzog at Facet's Multimedia in 1979 that has previously been available only in a difficult-to-obtain pamphlet. Herzog himself contributes a foreword in which he discusses his relationship with Ebert.
Hardcover. NY, Assouline , 1st, 2004, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket, 196 pages. From the motel in Psycho and the bachelor pad in Rear Window to the blonde elegance of Tippi Hedren and Grace Kelly, this is the first book about Hitchcock to explore the great director's style, art direction, and use of fashion. Hitchcock's images reveal an aesthetic as vivid as his suspenseful subject matter. Jean-Pierre Dufreigne explores the world of Hitchcock, examining the director's unique atmospheric sensibilities. Featuring many of the actors, set and costume designers, cameramen, composers, and title creators from Hitchcock's inner circle, this stylistic study ends with a catalogue raisonne of Sir Alfred's entire oeuvre. Well illustrated in color and b&w. Clean copy.
Softcover. Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University, 1st, 1998, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 327 pages, b&w illustrations. At least three of director Jacques Tourneur's films--Cat People, I Walked with a Zombie and The Leopard Man--are recognized as horror classics. Yet his contributions to these films are often minimized by scholars, with most of the credit going to the films' producer, Val Lewton. A detailed examination of the director's full body of work reveals that those elements most evident in the Tourneur-Lewton collaborations--the lack of monsters and the stylized use of suggested violence--are equally apparent in Tourneur's films before and after his work with Lewton. Mystery and sensuality were hallmarks of his style, and he possessed a highly artistic visual and aural style. This insightful critical study examines each of Tourneur's films, as well as his extensive work on MGM shorts (1936-1942) and in television. What emerges is evidence of a highly coherent directorial style that runs throughout Tourneur's works. Clean copy.
Hardcover. Jefferson NC, McFarland & Company, 1st, 1998, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 271 pages. Maroon cloth with silver lettering to front and spine. No dust jacket. Clean, tight copy.
Hardcover. Scranton PA, Newmarket, 1st, 1999, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket. Illustrated with 72 photos and 19 posters. Based on interviews conducted over a period of 18 months. Fascinating and instructive comments by Kazan on his casting decisions, directorial techniques and perceptions, etc. All 19 of Kazan's films are discussed, including: A Tree Grows in Brooklyn (1947), Gentleman's Agreement (1947), A Streetcar Named Desire (1951), On the Waterfront (1954), East of Eden (1955), etc. Also recounted here are his role in the McCarthy era, his controversial testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee in 1952, his thoughts about the blacklist, and involvement with the Communist Party. Filmography. Credits. Bibliography. Index. Clean copy.
Hardcover. US, White Star Publishers, 1st, 2013, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 616 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to boards. Holographic 3D cover.
Hardcover. New York, Liberty Street, 1st, 2012, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 176 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket. Very clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to dust jacket edges. B&W and color photographs throughout. Fifty years ago, the dashing Scottish actor Sean Connery kicked off the Bond franchise, a cinematic series unlike any other. In November 2012, Skyfall, the 23rd movie in what is seen as the authorized line of Bond films, will be released, with Daniel Craig (the sixth Bond) again in the lead role. The world will once more stream to the theaters for another dose of Bond. LIFE was on the scene in the swinging '60s when James Bond became a cultural icon (in fact, when we put the gold-painted actress Shirley Eaton on the cover in 1964, we helped him along), and now LIFE tells the whole story in this commemorative book.
NY, Frederick Unger, 1st, 1981, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. 383 pages, b&w illustrations. Clean copy.
Hardcover. NY, Thames & Hudson, 1st, 2013, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. In the first fully illustrated work of his illustrious career, David Thomson re-examines a series of moments - which readers will experience in beautifully reproduced imagery - from seventy-two carefully selected films across a hundred-year time span. His moments range from a set of Eadward Muybridge's pioneering photographs to sequences in films from the classic - Citizen Kane , Sunset Boulevard and The Red Shoes - to the unexpected - The Piano Teacher , Burn After Reading - immersing the reader via a groundbreaking marriage of imagery and the author's accompanying narrative. David Thomson's evocative, unflinching prose and profound understanding of what makes film and art form identify him as one of the great film writers of our time, making it likely that Moments that Made the Movies will be widely viewed as an important classic on the subject of international cinema. Clean copy.
Hardcover. NY, Viking, 1st, 1991, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 304 pages. In essays that function at once as film criticism and autobiography, 23 writers recall the films that shaped them in this thoughtful and moving book that explores the mysterious interplay of art and life. Includes Russell Banks on Bambi, Joyce Carol Oates on Dracula, and Harold Bloom on The Fatal Glass of Beer.
Softcover. London, Creation Books, 1st, 1997, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 250 pages. Celebrating the celluloid expression of the Beat spirit--arguably the most sustained legacy in U.S. counterculture--Naked Lens is a comprehensive study of the most significant interfaces between the Beat writers, Beat culture, and cinema. Naked Lens features key Beat players and their collaborators, including William Burroughs, Allen Ginsberg, Jack Kerouac, Charles Bukowski, Brion Gysin, Antony Balch, Ron Rice, John Cassavetes, Andy Warhol, Bob Dylan, Klaus Maeck, and Gus van Sant. As well as examining clearly Beat-inspired films such as Pull My Daisy, Chappaqua, and The Flower Thief, Jack Sargeant discusses cinema verite and performance films (Shadows and Wholly Communion), B-movies (The Subterraneans and Roger Corman's Bucket of Blood), and Hollywood adaptations (Heart Beat and Barfly). The second half of the book is devoted to an extensive analysis of the films relating to William Burroughs, from Antony Balch's Towers Open Fire to David Cronenberg's Naked Lunch. This book also contains the last ever interview with writer Allen Ginsberg, recorded three months before his death in April 1997.
Hardcover. NY, Miramax/Hyperion, 1st, 1997, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 191 pages, in a bright, unclipped dust jacket.Profusely illustrated with black and white film stills. With a knowledgeable text by the director and film historian. Clean.
Hardcover. Chicago, Chicago Review Press, 1st, 2007, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. 378 pages, b&w illustrations. Lanza looks at the life and work of director Ken Russell, detailing the wild ideas, surreal moments, personal faith, and the cavalcade of colorful personalities surrounding this eccentric filmaker, on and off the set. Clean copy.
Softcover. NY, Museum of Modern Art, 1st, 1983, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 222 pages. Softcover. B/w illustrations throughout. Wrapper and pages have some tanning due to age, otherwise clean. Front cover has a crease. In very good condition, no rips or tears. Binding tight.
Hardcover. London, Ashgate, reprint, 2010, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 248 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to dust jacket. Silver gilt on spine. 'Like "the ring" itself, this book is viral: it gathers into itself literature and film, disease and survival, cultural studies and aesthetics, Japan and America, technology and the family. We won't read Suzuki's novels or watch the films in the same way again. A thoroughly readable and teachable text!' Steven Bruhm, Robert and Ruth Lumsden Professor of English, The University of Western Ontario, and author of Reflecting Narcissus: A Queer Aesthetic 'Taking as its point of departure the phenomenon of The Ring in all its manifestations"the Japanese novel, the Japanese film, the American film, and the various sequels"The Scary Screen offers an in-depth and sustained speculation about the anxiety created by the development of communication technologies. The collection introduces startling insights into the relationship between changes in media forms and widespread fears of contagion, while also identifying a new universal form of horror that has emerged in recent decades as the status of reproduction"both technological and biological"has undergone a profound transformation. The essays included here represent a powerful theoretical response to this transformation.' Todd McGowan, University of Vermont, and author of The Impossible David Lynch and The Real Gaze '... The Scary Screen is a useful contribution to studies of The Ring, horror film, and cultural anxieties evoked by technology.' Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts.
Hardcover. NY, William Morrow & Co. , 1st, 1989, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. The movie critic for "Time" magazine explores the works and legacies of thirteen filmmaking giants, discussing how they shaped the industry and offering a revised perspective on The Hollywood Ten. Indexed. Essays on Marlon Brando, James Cagney,Harold Lloyd, Stanley Kubrick, John Ford, others. 312 pages, indexed. Clean copy.
Hardcover. NY, Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1st, 1979, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover, 295 pages, b&w photos. In a bright dust jacket that has 1/2" gone from bottom of spine. Otherwise very good.
Hardcover. NY, Knopf, 1st, 2019, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. In this wholly original work of film criticism David Thomson probes the many ways in which sexuality has shaped the movies-and the ways in which the movies have shaped sexuality. Exploring the tangled notions of masculinity, femininity, beauty, and sex that characterize our cinematic imagination-and drawing on examples that range from advertising to pornography,. B&willustrations, 348 pages. Clean copy.
Hardcover. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1st, 2000, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. In this daring reexamination of the connections between national politics and Hollywood movies, Lary May offers a fresh interpretation of American culture from the New Deal through the Cold War and one in which a populist, egalitarian ethos found itself eventually supplanted by a far different view of the nation. Clean copy.
Hardcover. NY, Dial Press, 1st, 1976, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. A view of American film-making from the author's viewpoint.
Softcover. NY, 101 DISTRIBUTION, 1st, 2009, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 214 pages. In Travis Bickle (Robert De Niro), the Vietnam vet turned New York taxi driver, Scorsese created a character who summed up perfectly the seething discontents of an American still traumatized by Vietnam and Watergate. In the context of director Martin Scorsese's many influences that led to "Taxi Driver", from Dostoevsky novels to John Ford westerns and film noir thrillers, and the film's subsequent impact on the work of countless later directors, "The Making Of Taxi Driver" explores how this modern classic came together. And, looking at some of the myths surrounding the movie, asks why, 30 years on it still has such resonance with contemporary audiences.
Hardcover. NY, Palgrave/Macmillan, 1st, 2018, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover. illustrated boards, 245 pages. This book features an in-depth analysis of the world's most popular movie, The Shawshank Redemption, delving into issues such as: the significance of race in the film, its cinematic debt to earlier genres, the gothic influences at work in the movie, and the representation of Andy's poster art as cross-gendered signifiers. In addition to exploring the film and novella from which it was adapted, this book also traces the history of the Ohio State Reformatory in Mansfield, Ohio, which served as the film's central location, and its relationship to the movie's fictional Shawshank Prison. The last chapter examines why this film has remained both a popular and critical success, inspiring diverse fan bases on the Internet and the evolution of the Shawshank Trail, fourteen of the film's actual site locations that have become a major tourist attraction in central Ohio.
Hardcover. NY, Phaidon Press, 1st, 2014, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. 192 pages, B&w and color illustrations. The Anatomy of an Actor series takes ten roles by a single actor, each studied in a dedicated chapter, and identifies the key elements that made the performances exceptional - carefully examining the actor's craft for both a professional audience and movie fans alike. This title looks at Hollywood icon Tom Cruise. First cast by Francis Ford Coppola in The Outsiders (1983), he gained international notoriety in the mid-1980s thanks to Tony Scott's Top Gun (1986). One of the most sought-after actors, Cruise has oriented his career to blockbusters, with a predilection for action and science fiction, starring in such movies as Michael Mann's Collateral (2004), Steven Spielberg's War of the Worlds (2005), the Mission: Impossible series (1996, 2000, 2006, 2011) and Joseph Kosinski's Oblivion (2013). Still in publisher'sshrinkwrap.
 "Celluloid Skyline: New York and the Moviesby: Sanders, James")
 "Cinema in Revolution: The Heroic Era of the Soviet Filmby: Schnitzer, Luda & Jean; Marcel Martin (Eds.)")
 "Falling Upwards: Essays in Defense of the Imaginationby: Siegel, Lee")
 "Hitchcock Styleby: Jean-Pierre Dufreigne")
 "Movie That Changed My Life, Theby: Rosenberg (Ed.), David")
 "Personal Journey With Martin Scorsese Through American Movies, Aby: Scorsese, Martin And Wilson, Michael Henry")
 "Rediscovering French Filmby: Bandy, Mary Lea (Editor), Raud, Richard (Introduction)")
