Hardcover. Cambridge MA, The MIT Press, 1st, 2005, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 326 pages, illustrated in color, b&w. How Constructivist artists in Russia between 1923 and 1925 developed a counterproposal to capitalism's commodity fetish by producing objects meant to be "comrades" in the creation of an egalitarian socialist culture. Very good in a bright dust jacket.

Hardcover. New York, Da Capo Press, 1st, 2017, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 327 pages. Hardcover. Gilt title on spine. Dust jacket unclipped. B/w illustrations throughout. In excellent condition, clean inside and out. Remainder mark on bottom edge. Binding tight, looks barely read.

Hardcover. NY, Knopf, 1st, 1992, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 600 pages, in a bright, price-clipped dust jacket. In this substantial work, Berberova, a renowned writer who left her homeland along with many compatriots in the wake of the 1917 Revolution, chronicles the travails she encounters in poverty-stricken Russia, poverty-stricken Berlin, and poverty-stricken Paris, where she lived from 1925-1950.

Softcover. NY, Guggenheim Museum, 1st, 2003, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 267 pages, illustrated throughout in color and b&w. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to wrappers. In 1915, Kazimir Malevich changed the future of modern art when his experiments in painting led the Russian avant-garde into pure abstraction. He called his innovation Suprematism--an art of pure geometric form meant to be universally comprehensible regardless of cultural or ethnic origin. His Suprematist masterpiece, White Square on White (1920-27), continues to inspire artists throughout the world. Focused exclusively on this defining moment in Malevich's career, Kazimir Malevich: Suprematism features nearly 120 paintings, drawings and objects, among them several recently discovered masterworks. In addition, the book includes previously unpublished letters, essays and diaries, along with essays by international scholars, who shed new light on this popular figure and his devotion to the spiritual in art.

Hardcover. New York, The New Press, 1st, 1999, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 515 pages. Hardcover. Gray cover boards, gilt title on spine. In nice shape, Dust jacket unclipped, has just a touch of age yellow. Edges show a little soil (shelfwear). Binding very tight, clean inside. Very good condition.

Hardcover. Leningrad, Aurora Art Publishers, 1st, 1975, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 170 pages. Brown cloth w/ color pictorial label on front. Color pictorial slipcase shows minor edgewear. Text in French, captions next to pictures also in English. Beautiful color plates throughout. Tight, clean, unmarked.

Hardcover. NY, Harper & Row, 1st, 1973, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, lightly worn dust jacket, 494 pages with index. Translated by Michael Henry Heim, and with the selection, Commentary & Introduction by Simon Karlinsky. This is a new translation that includes many letters never before available in English "revealing the brilliance, originality and ardent humanism of a unique genius". Clean copy.

Hardcover. Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1st, 1967, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket, 247 pages. Selected and edited by Carl R. Proffer. Translated by Carl R. Proffer in collaboration with Vera Krivoshein. From the five volumes of correspondence in Gogol's collected works Carl Proffer, a teacher and translator of Russian, has fashioned this scholarly one-volume edition, adding his own exceptionally informative footnotes and an eight-page bibliography. Clean copy.

Hardcover. NY, Macmillan, 1st, 1942, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover. Front of dust jacket is cut out and glued onto title-page. Nicely done. Blue cloth covers with mild shelf wear. Translated from Russian by Tatiana Balkoff Drowne. Nice color illustrations by Vera Bock. No markings.

Hardcover. New York , Abrams, 1st, 1991, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 135 pages, illustrated throughout in color. Light shelf-wear to dust jacket. Faint foxing to edges, otherwise a clean, tight copy. 100 color plates with 39 black & white illustrations.

NY, Villard, 1st , 1996, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 86 pages + paintings from Botkin's portfolio. Illustrated with black & white photos and color paintings by Botkin. Text compiled by Botkin's daughter Marina Schweitzer. Foreword by Greg King. Bright, unclipped dust jacket.

Hardcover. NY, Simon & Schuster, 1st, 1994, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 400 pages, b&w illustrations. A touching, brilliant and ground-breaking biography of one of literary history's most famous couple, at once a dual biography, a history, and the portrait of a long and stormy marriage. In a bright, unclipped dust jacket. Remainder line on bottom edge.

Philadelpia, Vertex Book/Auerbach Publishers, 1st, 1971, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a worn, lightly soiled dust jacket, 243 pages. Map endpapers One man's story of being arrested on trumped up charges as an enemy of the Soviet State and being sent to Siberia for eight years. Inscription on dedication page (by book jacket designer).

Hardcover. London, Chris Boot, 1st, 2009, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 252 pages. In this volume, ten Magnum photographers turn their lenses on contemporary Georgia. Situated on the cusp of Russia and Asia, but with a European culture dating back to the 7th century BC, Georgia was forcibly incorporated into the Soviet Union in 1922. Its independence was restored in 1991, but it then suffered from civil war and a breakdown of its economic infrastructure. In the last decade, however, despite ongoing tensions in its relations with Russia, Georgia has mounted a spirited comeback. Magnum photographers Antoine d'Agata, Jonas Bendiksen, Thomas Dworzak, Martine Franck, Alex Majoli, Gueorgui Pinkhassov, Martin Parr, Paolo Pellegrin, Mark Power and Alec Soth visited the country during spring 2009, each pursuing their own theme (Alec Soth goes in search of the 'most beautiful woman in Georgia', for example). All found themselves enchanted by the Georgian people, something strongly conveyed in their photographs as well as in personal text journals which accompany the images. This well-designed volume also includes a fold-out map, marked with each photographer's journey; a chapter showing the best of Magnum photographers' work over 60 years (including by Magnum's founders Robert Capa from his visit to Georgia with John Steinbeck in 1948 and Henri Cartier-Bresson); and an illuminating introduction by the Paris-based New Yorker writer, and Georgia expert, Wendell Steavenson.

Hardcover. Sverdlovsk, Mid-Urals Publishing House, 1st, 1987, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Beautiful 2 volume set exploring the history and various uses and creations of Malachite. Profusely illustrated with color photographs. In pristine condition with original pictorial slip cover (slight edge-wear). Book 1: Poetics of Stone. Book 2:Chronicles Documents Commentaries. Text in Russian and English.

Hardcover. NY, Harry N. Abrams, 1st, 1986, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket with minor wear. Selected and translated by Olga Davydoff Dax. Color illustrations by the author throughout. Mariamna Davydoff, the Russian lady who wrote and illustrated this memoir of her life before the Revolution, was born in 1871 into a large, aristocratic family whose ancestors can he traced back to the eleventh century. After fleeing Russia in 1919, she eventually settled in Brittany with a sister and there reproduced, from memory, albums of detailed text and watcrcolors that had been abandoned in Russia and were later destroyed by the Bolsheviks. The result is a unique, first-hand account of a way of life that we have previously known almost exclusively through the works of Tolstoy, Turgenev, Chekhov, and a few other writers of the late nineteenth century.

Softcover. Los Angeles, privately printed, 1st, circa 1980, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, 47 pages. Softcover with light blue paper wrappers. Black and white pictures in rear. Faded wrappers, and abrasion on first few pages. Previous owner's name in upper right corner of title page. Boris Novikoff was a ballet dancer and the brother of the ballet master, Ivan Novikoff.

Hardcover. Intercourse, Pennsylvania, Good Books, 1st, 1991, Book: Near Fine, Dust Jacket: Very Good, The furniture tradition of the Mennonites, Russian immigrants in North America. 231 pages illustrated with several maps and 241 (mostly color, some black/white) photographic illustrations. Book is in near fine condition, dust jacket is in very good condition with some signs of edge wear.

Hardcover. Ann Arbor, MI, Ardis, 1st English, 1981, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover, 565 pages. B/w illustrations throughout. Gilt title on spine. Decorated endpapers. Dust Jacket shows some wear due to age: yellowing, fraying and chipping to edges of front, spine and back, but still in tact. Cover boards clean, covered in teal fabric and in good shape. Pages clean, edges slightly yellowed. From the front flap: "...a landmark work in Russian theater scholarship, this study reveals Meyerhold in the context of his time, as seen by friends and enemies, actors and critics, and analyzes the development of his remarkable career as Russia's most celebrated and influential experimental director."

Softcover. Stanford CA, Stanford University Press, 1st pbk, 1990, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 530 pages. Books about thinkers require a kind of unity that their thought may not possess. This cautionary statement is especially applicable to Mikhail Bakhtin, whose intellectual development displays a diversity of insights that cannot be easily integrated or accurately described in terms of a single overriding concern. Clean, bright copy, as new.

Hardcover. Paris, Collection Neuf, 1st, 1955, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 163 pages, black & white photographs throughout, French text, tan cloth board. No dust jacket.

Hardcover. Stanford CA, Stanford University Press, 1st, 1982, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 308 pages, map endpapers. Light edge wear to dust jacket, small sticker on front cover. Else a very clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. NY, Viking, 1st, 2004, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 320 pages, b&w photos, in a bright dust jacket. The true, little-known story of a family torn apart by revolution and war. Olga Chekhova, a stunning Russian beauty, was the niece of playwright Anton Chekhov and a famous Nazi-era film actress who was closely associated with Hitler.

Softcover. London, Tate, 1st, 2012, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 208 pages. Softcover. Color and black and white pictures throughout. Light edgewear to wrappers.

Hardcover. Nashville TN, Vanderbilt University Press, 1st, 1969, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket, 271 pages. The first English translation of the last work of Gogol to be published during his lifetime. The only important nonfiction prose work of the Russian novelist, the*e thirty-two critical essays, written in the form of personal letters, define Gogol's views on religion, morality, and aesthetics and provide a key to the underlying motives and messages of his earlier fiction, including Dead Souls and The Inspector General. Translated from the Russian by Jesse Zeldin.

Hardcover. Philadelphia, The Winchell Co., 1st, 1985, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 297 pages, b&w illustrations, in a bright dust jacket. Clean. Helene Iswolsky, daughter of a Russian diplomat, grew up in Japan, Denmark, Russia, and France. In 1911, her father became Russian ambassador to France. She returned to Russia for her debut in 1914, to be presented to the Tsarina Alexandra. While there she attended the wedding of Prince Felix Yusupov, who was to murder Rasputin three years later. After the Tsar was overthrown, her father retired to Biarritz and died there in 1919, leaving unpaid debts. The author took up translating and writing. She had a religious awakening and became a Catholic. A sojourn in a Benedictine monastery left her changed, but she decided not to make the cloister her life. The author knew many notable people in the Paris area, especially writers, poets, critics, philosophers of the "new wave," Christian humanists, and Russian emigres. She attended the Sunday afternoon gatherings of Jacques Maritain and Nicholas Berdiaev, and worked on Emmanuel Mounier's journal "Esprit." When the Nazis occupied France, she escaped to America with her mother. Here she founded an ecumenical movement called "The Third Hour" and taught Russian at Fordham University and other schools. She was a close friend of Dorothy Day and the Catholic Worker movement. Scarce.

Hardcover. London, Fuel, 1st, 2007, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover. 192 pages. Plutser-Sarno has been collecting Russian street messages, usually hand-written and posted on walls, for two decades; this book is a sampling from his Museuam of Ads and Announcements. The notes are of a great variety: seeking recruits for cults or prostitution, offering items, some of them bizzare ones, for barter, warning miscreants of dire harm should they, for example, continue to steal light bulbs from a common corridor, prohibiting--predictably--a wide range of activities, and occasionally pleading in tones of insanity.Many of the messages are shown in illustrations, and Pluter-Sarno offers brief comments, sometimes necessary ones: Without them I shouldn't have known, for example, that 'artificial rock' was a euphemism for a concrete slab. (I'm sorry though that he didn't explain what curious Slavic behaviors created the need for notices in public lavoratories asking users to abstain from standing on toilet bowls.) Given the range of notes here, it's possible for the reader to get a hint of Soviet and post-Soviet customs and beliefs, the daily struggling with poverty and paucity, and the impact of the political upon the individual.Because Fuel, the publisher, is a design company it's small wonder that as an object this is a wonderful book. It's a small hardback with a cover done in relief, and sewn in signatures. The outer 2/3 of the pages are a kraft-paper brown and the inner 1/3, with colour illustrations, a cream color.

Hardcover. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1st ed., 1985, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, 292 pages. Blue cloth boards. Pictorial dust jacket is tinted with light fading to spine. Otherwise, tight clean copy.

Softcover. Oxford, Clarendon Press, reprint, 1991, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 391 pages. Light pencil underlining in introduction. Some fading to covers. Otherwise, tight clean copy.

Hardcover. NY, Four Winds Press, 1st, 1986, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 32 pages. hardcover with dust jacket. Illust. in color by Stanley. Dust jacket with chip, light soil to rear. Tight copy.

Hardcover. Manchester UK, Manchester University Press, 1st, 1985, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. 312 pages. Clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. London, Thames and Hudson, 1st, 1989, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket, green cloth, gilt lettering, 144 pages. Discovered in Paris in 1987, these 80 color and 30 b&w photographs, taken about 1910-14, are artistic studies of the expressionist Russian writer, his family and friends, his home, and the countryside around St. Petersburg. Includes a biographical essay and a review of the Lumiere autochrome photographic process. Mild wear to top of dj spine, otherwise a clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. New York, Harry N. Abrams , 1st US , 1990, Book: Fine, Dust Jacket: Fine, Hardcover, 396 pages. Co-written with Natalia Adaskina, translated from Russian by Marian Schwartz. Originally published in French as "Lioubov Popova" by Philippe Sers Editieur, Paris, 1989. 433 illustrations, 130 full-color plates. Blue cloth cover with red lettering on spine. Dust jacket like new. Pristine inside and out.

Hardcover. New Haven CT, Yale University Press, 1st, 2015, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 238 pages. Like new in publisher's shrink-wrap. Covering the period from the Revolution to the beginning of World War II, this book considers Soviet avant-garde photography and film in the context of political history and culture. Three essays trace this generation of artists, their experiments with new media, and their pursuit of a new political order. A wealth of stunning photographs, film stills, and film posters, as well as magazine and book designs, demonstrate that their output encompassed a spectacular range of style, content, and perspective, and an extraordinary sense of the power of the photograph to change the world.

Hardcover. Burlington, VT, Lund Humphries, Reprint, 2008, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 208 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Very clean, unmarked copy with only minor edgewear. Color illustrations throughout. Tight copy. Power to the People presents the Israel Museum's major collection of propaganda posters from the early years of the Soviet Union, documenting one of the most interesting chapters in twentieth-century graphic design. Inspired by the traditional vernacular of political cartoons, by the lubok wood-cut technique of Russian folk art, and by the ideas of Futurism, the poster artists employed a new visual language to explain the results of the Revolution to the Soviet people. The Israel Museum's collection of Soviet propaganda posters is the largest museum collection of its kind outside Russia. This book illustrates the entire collection for the first time.

Hardcover. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1st UK, 1995, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket, 269 pages. Clean, bright copy. This is the first scholarly account by a Western historian of the Time of Troubles, the period of civil war and foreign invasion in early-seventeenth-century Russia. The author focuses on the various pretenders or royal imposters who appeared at this time; she traces their careers and offers explanations for their success. Her analysis of the phenomenon of pretense illuminates popular perceptions of the monarchy in early modern Russia, and demonstrates how social protest could take the form of support for imposters claiming to be the "true tsar".

Hardcover. NY, Oxford University Press, 1st, 1998, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket, 234 pages with index. A work of refreshing originality and vivid appeal, Red Arctic tells the story of Stalinist Russia's massive campaign to explore and develop its Northern territories during the 1930s. Author John McCannon recounts the dramatic stories of the polar expeditions--conducted by foot, ship, and plane--that were the pride of Stalinist Russia, in order to expose the reality behind them: chaotic blunders, bureaucratic competition, and the eventual rise of the Gulag as the dominant force in the North. Red Arctic also traces the development of the polar-based popular culture of the decade, making use of memoirs, films, radio broadcasts, children's books, and cultural ephemera ranging from placards to postage stamps to show how Russia's "Arctic Myth" became an integral part of the overall socialist-realist aesthetic that animated Stalinist culture throughout the 1930s. Clean copy.

Hardcover. NY, Dodd Mead, 1st, 1958, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a worn, chipped dust jacket, 84 pages with index. B&w photos. Ex-lib with minimal signs, light reside to rear endpapers. Beryl Grey was the first Western ballerina to dance in Moscow's Bolshoi Theatre and she tells of her experiences on tour. Clean internally.

Hardcover. Lannoo Publishers , 1st, 2010-06-16, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Like new in publishers shrink-wrap. 144 pages, color photography of the USSR. Text in Dutch and English.

Hardcover. Princeton, N.J., Kingston Press, Incorporated, The, 1st, 1984, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, SIGNED BY AUTHOR. 227 pages. Light foxing to top and fore-edge. Minor wear to dust jacket; spine slightly faded. Else a very clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. Princeton NJ, Kingston Press, 1st, 1984, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 227 pages, bibliography and index. A scarce scholarly history. Slight sunning to dust jacket spine, otherwise like new, clean and tight.

Softcover. University Press of Maryland, 2000, Softcover, 306 pages. Memoir (translated from the German by Henny Wenkart) of a Jewish woman in 19th-century Russia, with scholarly introduction and analysis. Pauline Wengeroff's memoir tells what it was like to be a Jewish girl and a Jewish woman in 19th-century Russia, as foundations of faith and tradition eroded around her. Clean copy.

Hardcover. Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, 1st, 2017, Book: Very Good, Hardcover,324 pages. Published on the centenary of the Russian Revolution, this landmark book gathers information from the forefront of current research in early Soviet art, providing a new understanding of where art was presented, who saw it, and how the images incorporated and conveyed Soviet values. More than 350 works are grouped into areas of critical importance for the production, reception, and circulation of early Soviet art: battlegrounds, schools, the press, theaters, homes and storefronts, factories, festivals, and exhibitions. Paintings by El Lissitzky and Liubov Popova are joined by sculptures, costumes and textiles, decorative arts, architectural models, books, magazines, films, and more. Also included are rare and important artifacts, among them a selection of illustrated children's notes by Joseph Stalin's daughter, Svetlana Allilueva, as well as reproductions of key exhibition spaces such as the legendary Obmokhu (Constructivist) exhibition in 1921; Aleksandr Rodchenko's 'Workers' Club in 1925; and a Radio-Orator kiosk for live, projected, and printed propaganda designed by Gustav Klutsis in 1922. Bountifully illustrated, this book offers an unprecedented, cross-disciplinary analysis of two momentous decades of Soviet visual culture.

Hardcover. Chicago, Art Institute of Chicago, 1st, 2017, Book: Very Good, Hardcover,324 pages. Published on the centenary of the Russian Revolution, this landmark book gathers information from the forefront of current research in early Soviet art, providing a new understanding of where art was presented, who saw it, and how the images incorporated and conveyed Soviet values. More than 350 works are grouped into areas of critical importance for the production, reception, and circulation of early Soviet art: battlegrounds, schools, the press, theaters, homes and storefronts, factories, festivals, and exhibitions. Paintings by El Lissitzky and Liubov Popova are joined by sculptures, costumes and textiles, decorative arts, architectural models, books, magazines, films, and more. Also included are rare and important artifacts, among them a selection of illustrated children's notes by Joseph Stalin's daughter, Svetlana Allilueva, as well as reproductions of key exhibition spaces such as the legendary Obmokhu (Constructivist) exhibition in 1921; Aleksandr Rodchenko's 'Workers' Club in 1925; and a Radio-Orator kiosk for live, projected, and printed propaganda designed by Gustav Klutsis in 1922. Bountifully illustrated, this book offers an unprecedented, cross-disciplinary analysis of two momentous decades of Soviet visual culture.

Hardcover. Stanford CA, Stanford University Press, 1st, 1992, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 443 pages. This book contains UNDERLINING which is mainly confined to chapter 7. Otherwise a bright, tight copy in an unclipped dust jacket.

Hardcover. Toronto, Trafalgar Press, 1st, 1986 , Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright "(Skillfully traces the causes of the Crimean War and sketches a vivid picture of an age which made possible 'the world's most curious and unneccesary struggle'. Troubetzkoy ingeniously weaves together the varied developments in diplomacy, trade, nationalistic expression and personality conflict in the decade which led to the hostilities. The armies of the belligerents are described (and the) reader is introduced to the principal personages of the drama - Napoleon III, Marshal St. Arnaud, Lord Raglan and the great Russian engineer, Todleben, who, apart from Florence Nightingale, was the only one to earn true distinction during the War. Vividly described are Nicholas I and the Russian Empire." Clean copy.

Hardcover. NY, Alfred A. Knopf, 1st, 1964, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a lightly worn, chipped dust jacket. A young English novelist's journey through the Soviet Union in the early sixties (author also wrote "The Loneliness of the Long-Distance Runner', "The General", and others. Name on front fly leaf otherwise clean copy.

Hardcover. Pantheon, 1st, 1979, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 136 pages. Numerous black & white and sepia illustrations, a few in color. Details Rodchenko's art, photography and domestic design work in the context of a transformative period in Russian society.

Hardcover. New York, Harper & Row, 1st, 1988, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Non-paginated. Hardcover in a bright dustjacket. Full color illustrations by Charles Mikolaycak. Clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. New York, Oxford University Press, 1st, 1990, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 239 pages. Minor edge wear to dust jacket. Else a very clean, tight copy. The dramatic events of the twentieth century have often led to the mass migration of intellectuals, professionals, writers, and artists. One of the first of these migrations occurred in the aftermath of the Russian Revolution, when more than a million Russians were forced into exile. With this book, Marc Raeff, one of the world's leading historians of Russia, offers the first comprehensive cultural history of the "Great Russian Emigration." He examines the social and institutional structure of the emigration and describes its rich cultural and intellectual life. He points out that what distinguishes this emigration from other such episodes in European history is the extent to which the emigres succeeded in reconstituting and preserving their cultural creativity in the West. The flourishing Russian communities of Paris, Berlin, Prague and Kharbin not only enriched Russian arts and letters, but also significantly influenced the culture of their Western hosts, and Raeff concludes with an assessment of their impact on the development of modern Western and Soviet culture.