Hardcover. Boston, Little, Brown and Co,, reprint, 1947, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a worn, chipped dust jacket. The true story of an African medicine man as he leaves his home to practice his medicine in the city. Wulf Sachs was born in Russia and trained at the Psychoneurological Institute in St. Petersburg. A citizen of South Africa who resided in Johannesburg, he was a practicing psychoanalyst and the author of many books on psychiatry and literary criticism. Classic account of a two and half year psychoanalysis of a South African witch doctor. This book was earlier published with the title Black Anger. Derived from a review posted on-line: Black Hamlet is at the same time a case study in psychoanalytic therapy, the report of a scientific investigation, a political polemic, a collection of ethnographic observations, and the biography of a common man whose remarkable features would otherwise have been overlooked. Clean copy.

Hardcover. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1st, 1916, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, gray cloth stamped with black lettering. 314 pages, frontis, plates from photos. A description of a stay of over a decade in Gaboon (French Congo), at various mail stations, with much on the missionary activities, schools, and the native peoples in the area including the Njem tribe in the Lomie district, about 400 miles inland from the coastal town of Kribi. This copy from a YMCA library with a stamp and an envelope on the front endpapers, otherwise clean.

Softcover. Oxford UK, James Currey, 1st pbk, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 214 pages. This book explores the style and values of youth gangs in the Soweto area from the 1930s until the 1976 student-led uprising. It also tells the story of how the ANC, PAC, and Black Consciousness movement tried, and ultimately failed, to draw the volatile gangs into disciplined political activity. Mild shelf wear, clean copy.

Hardcover. NY, Holiday House, rep., 1935, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover. End paper map, color illustrations by Cyrus Leroy Baldridge, pictorial boards with light edgewear & chip (about 1/2") to top of spine.

New York , Thomas Y. Crowell, 1st, 1957, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 185 pages, b&w illustrations by Peter Spier, Bright, unclipped dust jacket. INSCRIBED BY AUTHOR on front fly leaf, note card from author also laid in.

Hardcover. Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1st, 1989, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket, 343 pages. This is an anthropological study of boyhood in a group of related Igbo villages called Afikpo, in souteastern Nigeria. About half of the book is taken up with the description and analysis of adolescent initiation rites, providing a close and detailed view of rituals that for the most part have only been touched upon in literature. The work makes use of psychoanalytic theory, with a logic that is grounded in data, blended with traditional cultural anthropological analysis. Ottenberg's understanding of the dynamics of the symbols and their unstated meanings contributes to the study of ritual process in any society. The data on ritual initiation alo0ne make this a major contribution to African ethnography, and Ottenberg's descriptive material on male secrecy and related gender distinctions provides a background fora more general understanding of West African secret societies.

Hardcover. Long Beach CA, Safari Press, reprint, 2009, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket, This is the English translation of Decoster's original Le Vent des Pistes, published in 2003. Edouard-Piere Decoster is the son of a French industrialist, brought up in Northern France, and only introduced to Africa as an adult through national service in the interior of Algeria. This book "relates Decoster's memories of forty years of travelling and hunting in Africa for lion, buffalo, leopard, waterbuck, kudu, eland, antelope, elephant, and just about every other creature legal to hunt. Unlike many big-game hunting books, Decoster's tales of his safaris and expeditions are tinged with romanticism and nostalgia." Chapters include: The gates to Atlantis; The lion and the warthog at the Faleme River; Akagera Game Reserve; The accident; A lion in Sologne; Eland at the ends of the earth; In Hemingway's footsteps; Dinner in the bush; On the banks of the Faro River; Embo's revenge; An invaluable network; Friends; Hunting the baboon; How to hunt a warthog; Eland of the bad moon; The kudu of Mount Gorogoza; Paka Doume - the Well-Named;. Still in publisher's shrinkwrap.

Hardcover. London, Alec Tiranti Ltd, 1st, 1954, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover, 48 pages with illustrations, plus 52 photo plates in rear. Dust jacket edge wear and rub, price clipped, otherwise, very clean and bright copy.

Hardcover. Stichting Kunstboak , 1st, 2014, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 144 pages. Like new in publisher's shrink-wrap. Photography offers a thousand possible ways of looking at the society we live in. Foremost among the talents that have brought Calvin Dondo international recognition is the ability to put into his work all the respect he has for the individual identities of those he captures on film. This artist who reveals the nature of Zimbabwe today freely tells us of his country and the history concealed within it. This book presents a new world in which images are an essential component. This first monograph to be devoted to a contemporary Zimbabwean photographer will encourage others, for the excellent reason that it is time to look at Africa through the clearsighted viewfinder of those working on its development. Text in English, French, Dutch and German.

Hardcover. Vancouver, University of British Columbia Press, 1st, 1978, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a lightly worn dust jacket. 184 pages, b&w illustrations. "Chosen for their unique skills, 400 Canadian voyageurs transported imperial forces up the Nile in a daring attempt to rescue "Chinese" Gordon, former governor-general of the Sudan, at Khartoum. A generation later, another Canadian, Sir Percy Girouard, built the desert railway enabling Kitchener to capture Khartoum in 1898." Clean copy.

Hardcover. NY , Viking Press, 1st, 1961, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 192 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket. B&W illustrations by Frederick Chapman. Nice in a spine-sunned dust jacket.

Hardcover. NY, Dodd, Mead & Company, 2nd pr., 1929, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, green cloth with gilt and black decoration, 321 pages. Illustrated with decorated endpapers (map) and vintage black and white photographs. Carl Than Akeley (1864-1926) was a taxidermist, naturalist and inventor was born near Clarendon, New York. Akeley would make five expeditions to Africa collecting specimens, first for the Field Museum in Chicago, and then for the American Museum of Natural History in New York. In 1911 he proposed to Henry Fairfield Osborn, president of the museum, a plan to present animal groups against painted backgrounds that would faithfully recreate the habitat which the animals lived. He had many adventures on the trips to Africa, including one where he was attacked by a leopard. Akeley died on his last expedition in his camp, near Mount Mikeno. This book is an account of Akeley's last expedition, and has a foreword by Henry Fairfield Osborn. The book is shaken and binding a little loose but holding, no loose pages. Previous owner's inscription on blank pelim page otherwise clean.

Cape Town SA, Koeberg, 1st, 1968, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover. B&W photo essay on Cedarberg of the Western Cape of South Africa. Stated 369 of an unspecified number, edgeworn dust jacket. Endpaper map.

Hardcover. London, Oxford for the International African Institute,, 1st, 1948, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Fair, Hardcover, orange cloth boards with gilt titles, in a worn, chipped dust jacket, 180 pages. Index, folding map and chart; 22 plates and diagrams. An account of the Chopi of Portuguese East Africa whose xylophone orchestras have long been celebrated throughout the continent. He tells how the instruments are made and played and analyses their compositions. Front blank leaf gone with minor wear at gutter. Otherwise very good, clean.

Hardcover. Stanford CA, Hoover Institution Press, 1st, 1983, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, maroon cloth with gilt lettering. 196 pages. illustrated with several maps. A study of the conflict between Morocco and Algeria over tribal areas in the Sahara. Clean copy.

Hardcover. Tielt BE, Lannoo, 1st, 2010, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 224 pages. The most recent project of Magnum photographer Carl De Keyzer; a sharp image of Congo as it is today. Dutch, French & English text. Stunning photo collection in high quality reproduction.

Hardcover. Stichting Kunstboak , 1st, 2015, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 240 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to dust jacket. Like new in publisher's shrink-wrap. Duel language French-English. Angelo Turconi, traveler and photographer in Africa, shares his remarkable images of everyday life in Congo. Congo on the Road is the result of many journeys in this multifaceted country and documents his encounters along the road: the Yaka chief in ceremonial dress, the chief of the Pende and Chokwe in prestigious attire, the Emperor of the Lunda on his throne, a family photo of the Kitawala sect. Turconi's photographs testify of a deep respect for the ones captured by the lens. We experience daily life as it is, with its deprivation and many struggles, nonetheless Angelo Turconi highlights the courage and joy of people and their endless ingenuity and creativity in overcoming obstacles. The beautiful and diverse scenery is as evocative as poetry. It opens the heart and fills it with admiration, memories and - for those that had the chance to experience life in deep central Africa - even nostalgia.

Hardcover. Munich, Prestel, 1st, 2018, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, pictorial boards, color and b&w photos. In this stunning photographic series, Pieter Henket presents images of the children of Odzala-Kokoua telling the oral history of the Congo in enchanting and creative ways. Shot over the course of a month, Henket documented the children of this remote region as they designed, planned, created costumes for, and acted out a series of myths - about their tribes, their landscape, and the animals and plants that they live among. Text in English and French. Clean, bright copy.

Softcover. New Haven CT, Yale University Press, reprint, 1977, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 284 pages. Samuel Decalo presents detailed evidence from Dahomey, Togo, Congo/Brazzaville, and Uganda that African military coups are engineered by coteries of cliques composed of ambitious officers seeking self-advancement. He successfully refutes prevailing theories that military rule has fostered socioeconomic or political development or stability. Clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. Seattle, University of Washington Press, 1st, 1966, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover, black cloth stamped in gilt, 204 pages. Dust jacket with partial fading, edgewear. Clean copy. The author's last work, a study of the Dahomean Kingdom, it's history and the part gold, colonialism and the slave trade played in it's fortunes. Scarce title.

Hardcover. NY, Harper and Row, 1st, 1988, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket, 244 pages. The author spent 6 weeks with a courageous and devoted group of black reporters from the Johannesburg Star. This book focuses on the dilemma of these men and women caught between the militant black community, the police who harass them mercilessly, and their white editors who, fearful of the truth and wary of government disapproval, sometimes refuse to print the stories the reporters risked their lives to get. Clean copy.

Hardcover. Hatje Cantz, 1st, 2007, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 84 pages. When David Goldblatt received the world-renowned Hasselblad Award in 2006, he had been making photographs of the South African landscape and culture for more than 50 years. Born in 1930 in a gold-mining town near Johannesburg, his parents were Jewish refugees from Lithuania, and they raised him with an emphasis on tolerance and antiracism. In 1975, at the height of apartheid, Goldblatt explored white nationalist culture in Some Afrikaners Photographed, and in the 80s he observed workers on the Kwandebele-Pretoria bus, many of whom traveled eight hours every day to work and back. His late-90s solo show at New York's Museum of Modern Art focused on architectural work, and showed off Goldblatt's uncanny ability to discover a society through its buildings and landscapes. His photographs of architectural structures revealed the ways that ideology had defined his home country's landscape. No dj issued.

Hardcover. Stanford CA, Stanford University Press, 1st, 1962, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a lightly worn dust jacket, 452 pages, b&w illustrations. Some mild dust soiling, no markings.

Hardcover. London, Trolley, 1st, 2011, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, pictorial boards, 303 pages. More than 200 color photos by Osodi document the damage done to the Niger Delta and it's people by economic exploitation. Small tear to rear edge of spine, else like new

Hardcover. Paris FR, Seuil, 1st, 2003, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover. Illustrated throughout in b&w. Light wear and soil to dust jacket, else a clean, tight copy. FRENCH TEXT. B&W photographs and text by Raymond Depardon, from a film he made on the subject of a novel by Diego Brosset. Set in the Sahara, where the lives of the desert hunters hang by fine threads.

Hardcover. London, Fourth Estate, 2nd pr., 2002, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 287 pages. A very clean, tight copy. Here is the true story of the strike that upset the diamond kings, and with it, a history of the world's most acclaimed diamonds, the process by which they are cut, smuggled and stolen, legends and superstitions, and of the shadowy hand of De Beers, for whom diamonds are forever.

Hardcover. New York, Umbrage Editions, 1st, 2007, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 240 pages. Illustrated throughout in b&w. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to covers. Having worked as a photojournalist in the 1990s in Zaire, Sierra Leone and Angola, van Lohuizen had seen the effects of the diamond trade first hand, and in 2005, he went back to Africa to assess the situation under new peace agreements. His haunting black and white images follow diamonds from the mines in Africa to retail spaces in New York and parties in London.

Hardcover. New York, Umbrage Editions, 1st, 2007, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 240 pages. Illustrated throughout in b&w. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to covers. Having worked as a photojournalist in the 1990s in Zaire, Sierra Leone and Angola, van Lohuizen had seen the effects of the diamond trade first hand, and in 2005, he went back to Africa to assess the situation under new peace agreements. His haunting black and white images follow diamonds from the mines in Africa to retail spaces in New York and parties in London.

Hardcover. New York, Umbrage Editions, 1st, 2007, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, 240 pages. Illustrated throughout in b&w. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to covers. Having worked as a photojournalist in the 1990s in Zaire, Sierra Leone and Angola, van Lohuizen had seen the effects of the diamond trade first hand, and in 2005, he went back to Africa to assess the situation under new peace agreements. His haunting black and white images follow diamonds from the mines in Africa to retail spaces in New York and parties in London.

Hardcover. NY, Clarkson N Potter, 1st, 1978, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. Dr Michael Wood, cofounder of Kenya's Flying Doctor Service, brings a beautiful and troubled land into sharpe focus in his written account of forty years in Africa. More than 90 brilliant full-color photographs provide a vivid scenic background to this absorbing memoir. Flying from his base in nairobi to tribal lands of the Maasai, the Muslim villages on he coast, and the Ethiopian highlands, Wood established hospitals and conducted clinics, responding to medical emergencies throughout the area. He came to know the land and its peoples intimately. 223 pages, clean copy.

Hardcover. London, UK, W.H. Allen / Virgin Books, 1st UK, 1979, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 316 pages, SIGNED BY AUTHOR on title page. Spotless and tight copy.

Hardcover. NY, Doubleday, 1st, 1963, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a lightly worn dust jacket, 269 pages. Photos by Norton Brown, Chase's husband. Map of Africa on end pages. An amusing and informative account of their photo-safari in East Africa. Contains meetings with Louis Leakey, Joy Adamson, and Tom Mboya. Clean copy.

Hardcover. NY, Prestel, 1st, 2014, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket, still in publisher'd shrinkwrap. This volume, on a unique and wide-ranging collection of figural sculptures from sub-Saharan Africa, examines not only each distinctive piece, but also how these works of art express value systems and cultural relationships both inside and outside Africa. The Richard H. Scheller Collection, presented in this book and on display at the de Young in San Francisco, offers a diverse portrait of sub-Saharan African sculpture. More than 100 distinct ethnic groups from more than 20 present-day countries are represented by works of art spanning several centuries and encompassing a broad array of styles. These objects represent ancestors, express community values, and serve religious and ceremonial purposes. Beautifully photographed in natural light, the sculptures range in style from classic and iconic to rare and unusual. The geographical breadth of the collection and the variations in the depictions will allow readers to explore both the histories and formal qualities of the genre. Texts by leading scholars enhance the understanding of 122 objects, alongside essays on major sculptures and themes. Writings on the scientific testing of pieces and the process of photographing the works round out this volume that expands our understanding of African figurative art.

Hardcover. New York , Charles Scribner's Sons, 1st, 1890, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 490 pages, green cloth covers with black and gilt decoration. Two gravure frontispieces (of author and Henry Stanley), 21 full-page plates plus text illustrations. Folding map and facsimile of letter in envelope in rear. There is a small chunk of cloth gone from top of spine and some scuffing of cloth on spine and rear cover, otherwise very good.

Hardcover. London, Andrew Dakers Limited, 1st, 1954, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, green cloth covers with uneven sun-fade, 221 pages. Endpaper maps & 60 photographic illustrations. Travels in the Congo and Ruanda-Urundi with excellent illustrations of the people, activities, artifacts, and description of the tribes, animals and natural resources.

Softcover. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1st, 1990, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 161 pages. In this overview of the origins and development of black societies in southern Africa, Martin Hall reconstructs the region's past by throughly examining both the archaeological and the historical records. Beginning with the gradual southward movement of the earliest farmers nearly two thousand years ago, Hall tracks the emergence of precolonial states such as Mapungubwe and Great Zimbabwe. Farmers, Kings, and Traders concludes with the devastating effects of colonialism. Through a close reading of the accounts of early travelers, colonialists, archaeologists, and historians, Hall places in context the often contradictory histories that have been written of this region. The result is an illuminating look at how ideas about the past have themselves changed over time. Name on front fly leaf, otherwise clean.

Hardcover. NY, National Travel Club, 1st, 1932, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, black cloth with gilt design on front cover, 309 pages. In 1931, Wyndham Lewis travelled to the part of Morocco, known traditionally as 'Barbary'. He set out for the majestic High Atlas and recorded the rich traditional culture of the isolated Berber tribes. Illustrated with 16 photographic plates and a small map. Clean copy.

Hardcover. Johannesburg SA, Penguin Books, 1st, 1987, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 130 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to boards. Some fading to spine. and laminate is bubbled in some spots. A fascinating book of photographs of mainly Black life during the 1950s in South Africa.

Hardcover. London, Chatto & Windus, reprint, 1961, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a lightly worn dust jacket. A classic account of settler life and experiences in the early days of Kenya, by one of Kenya's most prolific and readable authors. Inscription on front fly leaf, otherwise clean.

Hardcover. New York, Dutton, 1st, 1992, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover. SIGNED BY ALEXANDER half title-page. Color illustrations by Trina Schart Hyman. Small tear to front dust jacket cover but otherwise lovely, new-looking, clean condition. States First Edition but number line starts with 2.

Hardcover. London, Chatto & Windus, 2nd pr., 1954, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a bright, lightly worn and chipped dust jacket. 320 pages, b&w photo illustrations. The Chapters are: Gambia; Sierra Leone; The Gold Coast; Nigeria: The West; The North; The Southern Cameroons; and The East; followed by an index. Clean copy.

hardcover. London, Sinclair-Stevenson , 1st, 1994, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 293 pages. Hardcover. INSCRIBED BY AUTHOR on title page. Gilt titles on spine. Illustrated end papers and paste downs. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to dust jacket. Novel based on a true piece of colonial history when 25 European radicals met on Lamu planning to travel inland & set up a Utopia on Mount Kenya.

Softcover. London, ABACUS/Little Brown, reprint, 1994, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 434 pages. Having travelled across West Africa for over ten years, Peter Biddlecombe's often hilarious account of a long and lingering liaison dangereuse with the sixty per cent of the continent that is French-speaking is a highly readable, hugely entertaining introduction to the je ne sais quoi of French Africa. In countries such as Togo, Mali and Burkina Faso, Biddlecome encounters old-fashioned camel butchers, modern witch doctors who run mail-order companies, gold smugglers and counterfeiters who send their sons to Oxford. He also experiences a delicious foie gras of places: from eerie voodoo ceremonies in the old slave port of Ouidah to Italian ice-cream parlors in the middle of the Sahara desert. And Biddlecombe reveals not only Francophone Africa's politics, often bizarre business traditions and culture, but also provides a mass of practical advice on everything from how to eat a water-rat to talking your way through a road block in the middle of an attempted coup. Clean copy.

Hardcover. London, Faber and Faber, 1st UK, 1976, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, black cloth with gilt and red title block on spine. 422 pages, b&w map. Light bump to top corner otherwise very good, clean copy. "An analysis That carries an indictment of the whole colonial system."

Hardcover. NY, William Morrow, 1st, 1982, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket, 324 pages. This provocative study touches all the bases, probing the important cases of U.S. involvement in Africa (the Congo, Angola, South Africa), laying out U.S. interests in Africa's minerals and strategic outposts, and depicting the concern of American blacks with Africa since the nineteenth century. Riding his theses rather hard, Jackson argues strongly against an ineluctable U.S. tendency to react in cold-war terms to African crises. Name on front fly lesf, otherwise clean.

Hardcover. New York, Simon and Schuster, 1st, 1938, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 398 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Cloth covers with stamped decoration on spine. Light soil, tight copy.

New York, E.P. Dutton, 1st, 1971, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover, 47 pages. Illustrated by Leo and Diane Dillon. Translated by the author. Dust jacket good only with edgewear and front with tear and creasing to top edge and with light residue mark. Internally very good.

Hardcover. Safari Press, 1st, 2012, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket, 254 pages. Great African Trophies is a photographic showcase of some of the greatest game trophies ever taken on the Dark Continent, and it includes elephants, buffaloes, the big cats, spiral-horned antelopes, and dozens of other magnificent animals. The focus is on animals that rank in the top five of each species in the Safari Club International and Rowland Ward record books, but also included are historic, unlisted, and little-known trophies, along with their stories. This book is a feast for the eyes for anyone who loves African wildlife, and it contains the best available historical and modern photos of superlative African game animals, as well as the tales--many never before told--of the hunters who were fortunate to connect with them. The photos are accompanied by a description of where, when, and how the animal was taken, and the book provides, if possible, the details of the hunt and how it unfolded. Clean copy still in publisher's shrinkwrap.

Hardcover. NY, William Morrow, 1st, 1971, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a lightly worn dust jacket, 286 pages. "These thirty five selections, almost all autobiographical, portray what it was like to grow up in Africa". Contributors include Leopold Senghor, Kwame Nkrumah, Camara Laye, James Ngugi, Peter Abrahams, David Diop and many more. Map endpapers.

Hardcover. London, Gibbings and Co., 2nd Ed., 1896, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 341 pages. Hardcover with blue cloth covers with black and gilt design. An ex-library but aside from spine stickers and bookplate, a remarkably clean, tight copy. Doesn't appear to be a circulating copy. Tales of hunting throughout the world, but mostly in America, from snipe shooting to wolf coursing. Includes several fishing chapters; salmon in Japan, black and striped bass, grey mullet, brook trout and muskies, with a final chapter on artificial stocking of lakes and rivers.