Hardcover. Stanford CA, Stanford University Press, 1st, 2004, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover, 335 pages. Oversized. Black cloth cover, minor wear to edges. Dust jacket has some wear to corners and edges, small faint smudge. Inside is bright and clean. Many b&w photographs throughout. A nice, tight copy.

Hardcover. Lanham MD, Rowman & Littlefield, 1st, 2018, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. While many film fans may not be familiar with Bill Duke's name, they most certainly recognize his face. Dating back to the 1970s, Duke has appeared in a number of popular films, including Car Wash, American Gigolo, Commando, Predator, and X-Men: The Last Stand. Fewer still might be aware of Duke's extraordinary accomplishments off-screen--as a talented director, producer, entrepreneur, and humanitarian. Bill Duke: My 40-Year Career on Screen and behind the Camera is the memoir of a Hollywood original. In an industry that rarely embraces artists of color, Duke first achieved success as an actor then turned to directing. After helming episodes of ratings giants Dallas, Falcon Crest, Hill Street Blues, and Miami Vice, Duke progressed to feature films like A Rage in Harlem, Deep Cover, Hoodlum, and Sister Act 2. In this candid autobiography, Duke recalls the loving but stern presence of his mother and father, acting mentors like Olympia Dukakis, and the pitfalls that nearly derailed his career, notably an addiction to drugs. Along the way, readers will encounter familiar names like Danny Glover, Laurence Fishburne, Forest Whitaker, Arnold Schwarzenegger, and Whoopi Goldberg.

Softcover. Fort Worth, TX, Northland Press, 1st, 1979, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 129 pages, b&w and color illustrations. Light rubbing to spine, else a very clean, tight copy.

NY, Bloomsbury, 1st, 2003, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. Color illustrations by Tim Raglin.Poor Bill! He is a bull with a passion for fine china. But, as we all know, bulls and china don't really go together too well - or is that just prejudice? In fact, Bill is a perfect collector of the most charming china cups, and only starts to break things when he is made to feel nervous. This is a delightful book about a bull, a china shop and three very kind old ladies. Clean copy.

NY, Bloomsbury, 1st, 2003, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. Color illustrations by Tim Raglin.Poor Bill! He is a bull with a passion for fine china. But, as we all know, bulls and china don't really go together too well - or is that just prejudice? In fact, Bill is a perfect collector of the most charming china cups, and only starts to break things when he is made to feel nervous. This is a delightful book about a bull, a china shop and three very kind old ladies. Clean copy.

Hardcover. NY, Norton, 1st, 2008, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 384 pages. The definitive biography of the greatest cartoonist of the Greatest Generation. "The real war," said Walt Whitman, "will never get in the books." During World War II, the truest glimpse most Americans got of the "real war" came through the flashing black lines of twenty-two-year-old infantry sergeant Bill Mauldin. Week after week, Mauldin defied army censors, German artillery, and Patton's pledge to "throw his ass in jail" to deliver his wildly popular cartoon, "Up Front," to the pages of Stars and Stripes. "Up Front" featured the wise-cracking Willie and Joe, whose stooped shoulders, mud-soaked uniforms, and pidgin of army slang and slum dialect bore eloquent witness to the world of combat and the men who lived-and died-in it. This taut, lushly illustrated biography-the first of two-time Pulitzer Prize winner Bill Mauldin-is illustrated with more than ninety classic Mauldin cartoons and rare photographs. It traces the improbable career and tumultuous private life of a charismatic genius who rose to fame on his motto: "If it's big, hit it."

Hardcover. New York, Damiani, 1st, 2008, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 224 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Very clean, unmarked copy still in publishers shrink-wrap. Over 170 b&w and color photographs. A comprehensive monograph, this volume consists of several sections of work from 1969 to the present, opening at the height of flower power, with images of the Beat generation, Woodstock and the protests against Vietnam.

Hardcover. New York, Damiani, 1st, 2008, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 224 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Very clean, unmarked copy still in publishers shrink-wrap. Over 170 b&w and color photographs. A comprehensive monograph, this volume consists of several sections of work from 1969 to the present, opening at the height of flower power, with images of the Beat generation, Woodstock and the protests against Vietnam.

Hardcover. Boston, Houghton Mifflin, 1st, March 27, 1989, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 190 pages, b&w illustrations throughout. Light edge wear to dust jacket; small tear on rear cover. Light foxing on top edge. Else a clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. Five Continents, 1st, 2018, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover in pictorial boards. Born into slavery around 1853-4 on a cotton plantation in Benton, Alabama, Traylor has become one of the most important self-taught artists of the twentieth century, and certainly one of the most celebrated African-American artists, along with Thorton Dial and William Edmondson. The story of Bill Traylor's life and work is a remarkable one. It is a story that deserves attention both nationally and internationally. This publication, generously illustrated with full-page high-quality reproductions, provides a close examination of Traylor's recurrent themes, composition schemes, favored iconography, and contextual information related to the artist's biography, creative process and tools, visual environment, and artistic mindset. Each artwork is considered in a context beyond that of an isolated image and in response to one another, forming a series of intricate and consistent narratives, intriguingly cinematic in its development. The elements of Traylor's biography are the anchors of an individual mythology. Instead of merely being a basic depiction, the subject becomes a visual statement structuring Traylor's mind, bringing together hidden symbols from Kongo Vodou, Hoodoo, Southern Baptist, Freemasonry, and Blues sources, as well as layers of references: slavery, uncensored violence in the Jim Crow era, and turbulence within the black enclave known as 'Dark Town' in Montgomery, Alabama. Bilingual edition in French and English. Still in publisher's shrinkwrap.

Hardcover. Seattle, Fantagraphics Books, 1st, 2024, Hardcover, very large format-15 X 19", 176 pages. Bill Ward's glamour girls were the staples of countless men's and humor magazines, where they shared the pages with cult models like Bettie Page, Tina Louise, and Julie Newmar, and cartoons by fellow "good girl" artists such as Archie's Dan Decarlo and Playboy's Jack Cole. Imagine if you will, an innocent but stunning young woman boasting wildly exaggeratedly Barbie-like proportions poured into a wisp of lingerie or clingy cocktail dress and adorned in diamond necklaces and opera-length gloves, all perched on top of a pair of dangerously high stiletto heels, and you've got the recipe for the quintessential Bill Ward glamour girl. What set Ward apart-and above-his talented contemporaries in terms of sheer image-making was his use of the conte crayon. When drawn on simple newsprint stock, this potent combination created Ward's trademark gossamer sheen on his women's thigh-high stockings. This Fantagraphics Studio edition showcases the best of Ward's Humorama work and includes a healthy number of what became known as his "telephone girls." Tame by today's standards, Ward's telephone girls were always caught in candid moments when they just happened to be talking on the phone dressed in gossamer lingerie in innocently provocative poses. And did they ever talk on the phone when they weren't in bed? The majority of the images in this volume were drawn between 1955 and 1965 when Ward was at the height of his skill. They have been scanned in super high-solution from original art and reproduced to highlight every sheen and accentuate every curve to its fullest. The book not only reproduces more than 150 of Ward's most beautifully rendered illustrations, but also serves as a time capsule to a more innocent moment in pop culture when these images were shocking. The Fantagraphics Studio Edition also features an introduction by fashion/style icon and burlesque superstar Dita Von Teese. Like new. DOMESTIC SHIPPING ONLY.

Hardcover. Seattle, Fantagraphics Books, 1st, 2024, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, oversize format, pictorial boards. Vintage glamour girl artist extraordinaire Bill Ward gets the full Fantagraphics Studio Edition treatment featuring Ward's most polished, fully-realized pinups from the 1950s and 1960s.Bill Ward's glamour girls were the staples of countless men's and humor magazines, where they shared the pages with cult models like Bettie Page, Tina Louise, and Julie Newmar, and cartoons by fellow "good girl" artists such as Archie's Dan Decarlo and Playboy's Jack Cole. What set Ward apart-and above-his talented contemporaries in terms of sheer image-making was his use of the conte crayon. When drawn on simple newsprint stock, this potent combination created Ward's trademark gossamer sheen on his women's thigh-high stockings. This Fantagraphics Studio edition showcases the best of Ward's Humorama work and includes a healthy number of what became known as his "telephone girls." Tame by today's standards, Ward's telephone girls were always caught in candid moments when they just happened to be talking on the phone dressed in gossamer lingerie in innocently provocative poses. The majority of the images in this volume were drawn between 1955 and 1965 when Ward was at the height of his skill. They have been scanned in super high-resolution from original art and reproduced to highlight every sheen and accentuate every curve to its fullest. The book not only reproduces more than 150 of Ward's most beautifully rendered illustrations, but also serves as a time capsule to a more innocent moment in pop culture when these images were shocking. DOMESTIC SHIPPING ONLY.

Softcover. Boston, United Church Press, 1st, 1964, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, stapled pictorial wraps, 48 pages. Notable for being one of Trina Schart Hyman's earliest picture books. Only date is 1964. Color illustrations on every page by Hyman. A tale emphasizing the religion in Christmas. Super clean condition.

Softcover. San Francisco, Chronicle Books, 1st, 1988, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, 144 pages. Accompanied traveling exhibition. Essays by Jane Livingston, Karen Tsujimoto, Henry T. Hopkins and Maurice Tuchman. Beautiful color plates, including a foldout and photos of the artist. Checklist for the exhibition. Chronology. Bibliography. Clean copy.

Hardcover. US, Reel Art Press, 1st, 2014, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Large heavy book, 448 pages, illustrated throughout in b&w. Clean, unmarked copy with only minor wear to dust jacket. This breathtaking tome is the definitive and comprehensive collection of Billy Name's black-and-white photographs from Warhol's Factory. Name's photographs from this period (1964-68) are one of the most important photographic documents of any single artist in history. Name lived in a tiny closet at the Factory. He was responsible for the legendary "silverizing" of the space using aluminum paint and foil to complete the instillation. When Warhol gave Name a Pentax Honeywell 35mm camera, he took on the role of resident photographer and archivist. This visual essay, produced in collaboration with Billy name, offers an extensive trip through Warhol's world. Name photographed the day-to-day happenings at The Factory with Andy, including visits from Lou Reed and the Velvet Underground, Nico, Edie Sedgwick, Ivy Nicholson and Bob Dylan, and filming Screen Tests and features such as Chelsea Girls, Vinyl and My Hustler.

Hardcover. Akron OH, Saalfield Publishing, reprint, 1913, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, 147 pages, illustrated by Arthur Debebian in b&w and 6 color plates. Blue cloth spine, color illustrated boards. Previous owner's signature on front fly leaf. Fragile binding but all there and holding. Vol. 5 in this series.

Hardcover. Akron OH, Saalfield Publishing, reprint, 1913, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, green cloth cover with pictorial design stamped in black and gilt. Color frontis plus b&w plates by Arthur DeBebian. Billy, our favorite goat, escapes from his comfortable farm home and causes absolute chaos in a travelling circus. Rescued by his master, he is then kidnapped and made to perform. Clean copy. Light shelf wear.

Softcover. Akron, OH , Saalfield, reprint, 1937, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, pictorial boards in color, red cloth spine.Color frontis., B&W drawings by Arthur DeBebian. Pages tanning. Overall very good, clean.

Softcover. New York, F. A. Stokes, 1st, 1918, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 31 B&W cartoon illustrations by Dick Dorgan. Illustrated cardboard covers. Small tear to spine edge, otherwise Very good.

Hardcover. New York, St. Martin's, 1st, 1983, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a dust jacket, 180 pages. SIGNED BY AUTHOR ON TITLE PAGE. Clean, bright copy.

Hardcover. Barton, Frederick W. Baldwin, 1st, 1886, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, 303 pages. Hardcover. Black & white steel engraved portraits. Gilt titles on leather spine. Crack along top 5" of front hinge. Rubbing to cover edges. All edges gilt. Clean, unmarked pages.

Hardcover. New York, VCH Publishers, Inc., 1st, 1988, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, laminated boards, 337 pages; indexes, appendices, extensive chemical diagramming and tables, with some b&w photographs; bumped bottom corner, previous owner's signature on front endpaper; cover shows minimal wear; "fourteen articles by leading researchers constituting the first book devoted exclusively to the biological utilization of nickel" (from the cover). Very tight, clean copy. No dust jacket.

Hardcover. New Delhi, Lalit Kala Akademi, 1st, 1959, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, 52 pages. Hardcover. Illustrated with black & white photographs. Dust jacket with tape repaired tears along edges, areas of fading. Clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. Chicago, A.C. McClurg & Co., 1st, 1904, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, Hardcover, folio size, unpaginated, profusely illustrated in b&w by the author. A fictitious chronicle in newspaper prose with cartoon illustrations satirizing society in a small mid-west community. Corners and edges show wear. Interior clean.

Hardcover. NY, St. Martin's, 1st US, 1999, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover. Very good in a bright, unclipped dust jacket.

Hardcover. NY, Macmillan , 1st US, 1991, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 64 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket. Color illustrations by Reg Cartwright. Light edgewear to dust jacket. Tight copy.

Hardcover. NY, Macmillan , 1st US, 1991, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 64 pages. Hardcover with dust jacket. Color illustrations by Reg Cartwright. Light edgewear to dust jacket.

Hardcover. NY, William Morrow, 1st, 1985, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 161 pages. Exposing the humor in violence and the seamy side of riches, Canning follows the maneuvers of Sir Anthony Swale, an aristocrat who has spent his privileged life in quest of rare art treasures, many of them from behind the Iron Curtain. Small inials on front pastedown otherwise clean in a bright unclipped dust jscket.

Hardcover. Vancouver, BC, University of British Columbia Press, 1st, 1990, Book: Near Fine, Dust Jacket: Near Fine, Gray cloth-covered boards and color pictorial dust jacket in near new condition. "Detailed species accounts provide unprecedented coverage of these birds, presenting a wealth of information on the ornithological history, habitat, breeding habits, migratory movements, seasonality, and distribution patterns." Profusely illustrated in b/w. Includes a variety of color charts depicting the occurrence of 86 species of nonpasserines, from loons through waterfowl.

Hardcover. Vancouver, BC, University of British Columbia Press, 1st, 1990, Book: Near Fine, Dust Jacket: Near Fine, Gray cloth-covered boards and color pictorial dust jacket in near new condition. "Detailed species accounts provide unprecedented coverage of these birds, presenting a wealth of information on the ornithological history, habitat, breeding habits, migratory movements, seasonality, and distribution patterns." Profusely illustrated in b/w. Includes a variety of color charts depicting the occurrence of 183 species of nonpasserines, from diurnal birds of prey through Woodpeckers.

Hardcover. Vancouver, BC, University of British Columbia Press, 1st, 1990, Book: Near Fine, Dust Jacket: Near Fine, Gray cloth-covered boards and color pictorial dust jacket in near new condition. "Detailed species accounts provide unprecedented coverage of these birds, presenting a wealth of information on the ornithological history, habitat, breeding habits, migratory movements, seasonality, and distribution patterns." Profusely illustrated in b/w. Includes a variety of color charts depicting the occurrence of 91 species of passerines, from Flycatchers through Vireos.

Hardcover. New York, G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1stUS, 1978, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, 144 pages. Hardcover. Full color illustrations by Gould, Hart, Keulmans and Hayman, 2 b&w plates, maps and photographs. Clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. Boston, Houghton Mifflin , 1st, 1966, Book: Near Fine, Dust Jacket: Near Fine, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. 56 plates in 6-color plus pencil sketches by Lansdowne.

Hardcover. London, Country Life Books, reprint, 1968, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket with light edgewear, 155 pages. Beautiful color illustrations by Basil Ede throughout. Foreword by H.R.H. The Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. This book is a record, in word and picture, of 56 British birds that may still be seen in and around English towns and villages. Each bird is described in detail and accompanied by a specially commissioned print showing them in typical surroundings. A useful and attractive reference book, ideal for both bird and art lovers. Clean copy.

Hardcover. New York, Grosset & Dunlap, 1st, 1939, Book: Good, Dust Jacket: None, 32 pages. Part of the World of Tomorrow Series. Color-illustrated boards, blue cloth binding, color and b&w illustrations throughout by Sarah De Frehn. Edgewear and rubbing to covers, crisp pages, binding loose through all pages still attached.

Hardcover. New York, Columbia University, 1st, 1994, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover, 330 pages, illustrated throughout with maps, charts and photographs in b&w. Red cloth, gilt lettering to spine, white pictorial dust jacket. Light wear to edges of jacket, faint foxing to top edge, else a very nice, tight copy.

Hardcover. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1st, 2018, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket. It started with the searing sound of a slide careening up the neck of an electric guitar. In 1970, twenty-three-year-old Bruce Iglauer walked into Florence's Lounge, in the heart of Chicago's South Side, and was overwhelmed by the joyous, raw Chicago blues of Hound Dog Taylor and the HouseRockers. A year later, Iglauer produced Hound Dog's debut album in eight hours and pressed a thousand copies, the most he could afford. From that one album grew Alligator Records, the largest independent blues record label in the world. Bitten by the Blues is Iglauer's memoir of a life immersed in the blues--and the business of the blues. No one person was present at the creation of more great contemporary blues music than Iglauer: he produced albums by Koko Taylor, Albert Collins, Professor Longhair, Johnny Winter, Lonnie Mack, Son Seals, Roy Buchanan, Shemekia Copeland, and many other major figures. In this book, Iglauer takes us behind the scenes, offering unforgettable stories of those charismatic musicians and classic sessions, delivering an intimate and unvarnished look at what it's like to work with the greats of the blues. It's a vivid portrait of some of the extraordinary musicians and larger-than-life personalities who brought America's music to life in the clubs of Chicago's South and West Sides. Bitten by the Blues is also an expansive history of half a century of blues in Chicago and around the world, tracing the blues recording business through massive transitions, as a genre of music originally created by and for black southerners adapted to an influx of white fans and musicians and found a worldwide audience.

Softcover. Princeton WI, Kitchen Sink, 7th pr., 1984, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Siftcover, 32 pages plus color wraps. Art by Justin Green, Daniel Clyne, Tim Boxell, Wendel Pugh. Mild corner crease, otherwise bright and clean. First published in 1972.

Softcover. Milwaukee WI, Kitchen Sink, 1st, 1975, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Softcover, color illustrated cover with black/white interior art. For sale to adults only. 36 pages with 75 cents cover price. With plain overwrap hiding outrageous cover still attached, some slight wrinkling.

Softcover. Palo Alto CA, Jim Vadeboncoeur , 1st, 2006-10, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Three softcover volumes, 100 pages each. A collection of work from the Golden Era of Pen & Ink Illustration.

Softcover. New York, Thumbtack Books, 1st softcover, 1982, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Large softcover. Unpaginated. Full page black and white illustrations, text by Rosalie Gomes, red cover with illustration. Light wear to cover; overall a tight, clean copy.

Hardcover. NY, Abrams Comicarts, 1st, 2023, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket, 168 pages. B&w art by Wagner Willan. Author Julian Voloj and award-winning illustrator Wagner Willian's Black & White is the first graphic novel biography following the life of Bobby Fischer, from chess wunderkind and national hero to his eventual spiral into madness and infamy. It begins in Brooklyn, where Fischer was born and raised by a single mother. By the time he was a teen, he had established himself as a loner and dropped out of school. But none of that mattered; he had found his true calling--chess. In 1972, Fischer played what many consider "the game of the century" against the Soviet Union's chess champion Boris Spassky at the height of the Cold War. Later, Fischer became the youngest-ever US Chess Champion and the game's youngest grandmaster. Never before had chess received such international attention. Fischer, whose sole focus in life up until then was chess, reached the Olympus of chess at 29, and then . . . he disappeared. Suffering from mental illness, the chess genius became increasingly paranoid, lost in anti-Semitic conspiracy theories--despite the fact that he himself was Jewish--and died as a fugitive in Iceland. Clean copy.

Softcover. Washington DC, Scalo/National Gallery of Art, 1st, 1994, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Wraps are black, with white lettering on the spine. No date listed on title page. Copyright page dated 1994. Unpaginated; 34 b/w photographs reproduced. replica of a 1952 book which Frank produced in an edition of three unique examples.approximately 80 pages.

Hardcover. Boston, Little, Brown, 1st, 1947, Book: Good, Hardcover, green cloth with black lettering. Frontis portrait. This text is an expansion of the author's 1937 article Black Hamlet : the mind of an African Negro revealed by psychoanalysis. "This is the true story of John Chavafambira. It is a unique, never-before-written account of a native African medicine man, his life experiences and inner conflicts, etched against the background of two worlds-- white and black -- in collision. It is an amazing study of seemingly irreconcilable elements, laid in South Africa where the clash of color is most violent". Clean copy but mild musty odor.

Hardcover. US, PS Publishing, 1st, 2013, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Volume 3. 256 pages, illustrated throughout in color. Clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. US, PS Publishing, 1st, 2012, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Volume 1. 256 pages, illustrated throughout in color. Clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. US, PS Publishing, 1st, 2014, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, Volume 4. 256 pages, illustrated throughout in color. Clean, tight copy.

Hardcover. Boston, Little Brown & Company, 1st, 1989, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright, unclipped dust jacket. Burke pits a land-hungry oil company against a Blackfeet Indian reservation in a stunning novel that takes detective fiction into new imaginative realms. His Cajun sleuth, Dave Robicheaux, an ex-New Orleans cop featured in two previous novels, attends Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, has recurrent nightmares about his murdered wife, and cares for an adopted El Salvadoran refugee girl. When two American Indian activists disappear, Robicheaux's dogged investigation not only sets him on a collision course with Mafia thugs and oil interests, but also leads him into a romance with Darlene American Horse, his ex-partner's girlfriend. Clean copy.

Hardcover. Los Angeles, CA, Archaia, 1st, 2016, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: None, 166 pages. Hardcover with no dust jacket. Color comics throughout by Fincher/Hyman. Clean, tight copy with minor if any wear to edges.

Hardcover. Templar, 1st, 2012, Book: Very Good, Dust Jacket: Very Good, Hardcover in a bright dust jacket. Wonderfully quirky illustrations in color by the Australian artist. An enormous black dog and a very tiny little girl star in this offbeat tale about confronting one's fears. When a huge black dog appears outside the Hope family home, each member of the household sees it and hides. Only Small, the youngest Hope, has the courage to face the black dog, who might not be as frightening as everyone else thinks. Clean copy.